EDUCATION AND YOUTHS EMPLOYABILITY IN CAMEROON
Abstract
Background: This paper investigates into the effect of education on employment status, and employment options of youths in Cameroon using cross sectional data of the fourth Cameroon Household Survey (ECAM IV).
Methodology: We first used the Binary Logistic Regression to analyze the effect of education type and educational attainment on the employment status of 14459 youths in Cameroon, and later, the multinomial logistic model to investigate the effect of education type on the employment option of a different sample of 13589 Cameroonian youths employed in the Binary Logistic Model.
Results: Education type had a significant effect on employment status and employment option while educational attainment influenced only employment status. This showed that youths with TVET had greater chances of being employed than their counterparts of general education and the likelihood to be employed reduces with better educational levels. Similarly, TVET reduces the likelihood of being employed in the informal and public sectors compared to being employed in the formal self-employed sector.
Conclusions and Recommendations: Based on these findings it is recommended that TVET be subsidized in order to challenge the dominance of general education, and urgent educational reforms are also needed, to meet up with the labor marker exigencies of Cameroon.
Keywords: Employment Status, Employment Option, Education Type, Education Attainment, Youths, Cameroon.
References
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Asongwe, o. (2019). Empirical Studies of Self-Employment. Journal of Economic Survey, 13(4), 381-392.
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Cahuc, G. (2013). Youth Unemployment in Europe: The Polar Cases of France and Germany. Scandinavian Economic Journal, 96(4), 56-64.
Cedefp, F. (2018). General or Vocational Education? The Tough Choice in the Chinese Education Policy. International Journal of Educational Development, 18(21), 289-291.
Colin, D. (2014). What Makes an Entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, 24(2), 30-41.
Dimba, G. (2015). The Determinants of Employment Choices. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(1), 54-61.
Doeringer, P. (1980). Segmented Labor Market: An Alternative Approach. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 6(5), 22-32.
Fiez, T. (2009). Higher Education in Malawi. Journal of Business Venturing, 119(12), 141-150.
Fonkeng, K. (2016). Exploring motivation and Success among Canadian Female Entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19(11), 207-216.
Hanush, F. (2016). General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor Market Outcomes over the Life-Cycle. Human Resources Journal, 13(3), 81-93.
Hanuskek, F. & Soman, T. (2011). Graduate Unemployment in South Africa: Perspectives from the Banking Sector. South Africa Journal of Human Resource Management, 3(2), 61-73.
Madia, O., Aoukar, F., & Mbock, O. (2021). Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Employment in Cameroon. African Development Journal, 54(3), 73-82.
Markox, F.,Dave, T., & Sjo, B. (2017). The Role of Education in the Employment Orientation of Ethiopian Women. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking, 105(3), 128-137.
Morgolis, L., & Groot, T. (1999). Educational Presorting and Occupational Segregation. Labor Economics. 96(21), 367-375.
Mitchell, D. (1992). The Incident and duration of Individual Unemployment: Supply-side or Demand-side. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 10(2), 33-43.
Ndille, R. (2020). National Integration through History and Education in Cameroon 1961-2018. International Journal of Sociology, 107(8), 213-221.
Ndimba, B. (2017). Employability Option of Youths in Ghana. Journal of Development Research, 99(2), 12-19.
Ndinka, J. (2016). General or Vocational Education. International Journal Educational Development, 18(4), 106-117.
Ndobia, A. (2017). Employment Option in Ethiopia. World Development Journal, 135(7), 163-171.
Ngouhouo, W., & Nchofoung, T. (2021). Does Trade Openness Affect Employment in Cameroon? Economic Development and Cultural Change, 89(3), 585-693.
Njong, A. (2010). The Effect of Educational Attainment on Poverty Reduction in Cameroon. Journal of Education Administration and Policy Study, 2(1), 1-8.
Nkengim, F. (2016). The Relationship between Education and Youth Unemployment in the Western Region of Cameroon. Forster Journal, 96(5), 183-291.
Oreopoulos, P. (2012). The Short and Long Term Career Effect of Graduating in a Recession. American Economic Journal, 4(1), 1-12.
Osborne, F., & Mani, H. (2007). Education and Employment in USA. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 258(11), 71-83.
Parcarella, G. & Forster, N. (2005). Enclaves Neighborhood Effects and Employment Outcomes: Ethnic Minority in England and Wales. Journal of Population Economics, 8(7), 165-175.
Pinit, G. (2004). The Incidence of Unemployment in North African Countries. Ethiopian Journal of Development Research, 33(2), 79-89.
Pinilla, M., Roncancio, M., & Mactaggart, F. (2020). Multidimensional Poverty and Disability: A case control Study in India, Cameroon and Guatemala. International Journal of Sociology. 104(2), 41-50.
Pischke, K. (1998). Why do Firms Train her own Workers? Journal of Economics, 113(1), 1-12.
Poon, A., Giroux, S., & Eloundou, P. (2020). Baccalaureate Practice Test in Cameroon: The Impact of SMS-based Exam Preparation. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 41(16), 219-228.
Quiggin, M. (2015). Testing Hypotheses of Immigrants Self-Employment. Journal of Human Resources, 234(68), 194-202.
Ryan, V., & Berg, S. (2009). Technical Education and its Challenges in Nigeria in the 21st Century. International NGO Journal, 35(13), 340-349.
Samda, F. & Mackeens, D. (2008). Is Higher Education Necessary? The Journal of Socio-Economics, 95(6), 672-682.
Takam, A. (2020). English and French Bilingual Education and Language Policy in Cameroon. Journal of Political Economy, 106(2), 19-35.
Talom, F. (2020). Impact of Mobile Money on the Financial Performance of the SMEs in Douala, Cameroon. International Journal of Social Economics, 112(13), 303-312.
Tamghe, C. (2019). Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment of Public Secondary Teachers in Cameroon. Journal of Education and Practice, 141(12), 192-208.
Toronto, S. (1019). Education and Job Mismatch. Journal of Development Research, 103(9), 39-47.
Totouom, G. & Mboutchouang, V. (2018). The Effects of Education on Labor Force Participation in Cameroon: A Gender Perspective. International Journal of Scientific Innovation, 74(5), 119-130.
Yarima, Y. (2014). Socio-Economic Effects of Unemployment Among the Youths in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business Research. 3(5), 240-249.
Asongwe, o. (2019). Empirical Studies of Self-Employment. Journal of Economic Survey, 13(4), 381-392.
Baye, F., Epo, B., Ndenzako, J. (2016). Wage Differentials in Cameroon. African Development Review, 61(3), 70-81.
Becker, G. (1964). Investing in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis. The Journal of Political Economy, 70(21), 215-224.
Cahuc, G. (2013). Youth Unemployment in Europe: The Polar Cases of France and Germany. Scandinavian Economic Journal, 96(4), 56-64.
Cedefp, F. (2018). General or Vocational Education? The Tough Choice in the Chinese Education Policy. International Journal of Educational Development, 18(21), 289-291.
Colin, D. (2014). What Makes an Entrepreneur? Journal of Labor Economics, 24(2), 30-41.
Dimba, G. (2015). The Determinants of Employment Choices. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(1), 54-61.
Doeringer, P. (1980). Segmented Labor Market: An Alternative Approach. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 6(5), 22-32.
Fiez, T. (2009). Higher Education in Malawi. Journal of Business Venturing, 119(12), 141-150.
Fonkeng, K. (2016). Exploring motivation and Success among Canadian Female Entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19(11), 207-216.
Hanush, F. (2016). General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor Market Outcomes over the Life-Cycle. Human Resources Journal, 13(3), 81-93.
Hanuskek, F. & Soman, T. (2011). Graduate Unemployment in South Africa: Perspectives from the Banking Sector. South Africa Journal of Human Resource Management, 3(2), 61-73.
Madia, O., Aoukar, F., & Mbock, O. (2021). Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Employment in Cameroon. African Development Journal, 54(3), 73-82.
Markox, F.,Dave, T., & Sjo, B. (2017). The Role of Education in the Employment Orientation of Ethiopian Women. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance and Banking, 105(3), 128-137.
Morgolis, L., & Groot, T. (1999). Educational Presorting and Occupational Segregation. Labor Economics. 96(21), 367-375.
Mitchell, D. (1992). The Incident and duration of Individual Unemployment: Supply-side or Demand-side. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 10(2), 33-43.
Ndille, R. (2020). National Integration through History and Education in Cameroon 1961-2018. International Journal of Sociology, 107(8), 213-221.
Ndimba, B. (2017). Employability Option of Youths in Ghana. Journal of Development Research, 99(2), 12-19.
Ndinka, J. (2016). General or Vocational Education. International Journal Educational Development, 18(4), 106-117.
Ndobia, A. (2017). Employment Option in Ethiopia. World Development Journal, 135(7), 163-171.
Ngouhouo, W., & Nchofoung, T. (2021). Does Trade Openness Affect Employment in Cameroon? Economic Development and Cultural Change, 89(3), 585-693.
Njong, A. (2010). The Effect of Educational Attainment on Poverty Reduction in Cameroon. Journal of Education Administration and Policy Study, 2(1), 1-8.
Nkengim, F. (2016). The Relationship between Education and Youth Unemployment in the Western Region of Cameroon. Forster Journal, 96(5), 183-291.
Oreopoulos, P. (2012). The Short and Long Term Career Effect of Graduating in a Recession. American Economic Journal, 4(1), 1-12.
Osborne, F., & Mani, H. (2007). Education and Employment in USA. American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 258(11), 71-83.
Parcarella, G. & Forster, N. (2005). Enclaves Neighborhood Effects and Employment Outcomes: Ethnic Minority in England and Wales. Journal of Population Economics, 8(7), 165-175.
Pinit, G. (2004). The Incidence of Unemployment in North African Countries. Ethiopian Journal of Development Research, 33(2), 79-89.
Pinilla, M., Roncancio, M., & Mactaggart, F. (2020). Multidimensional Poverty and Disability: A case control Study in India, Cameroon and Guatemala. International Journal of Sociology. 104(2), 41-50.
Pischke, K. (1998). Why do Firms Train her own Workers? Journal of Economics, 113(1), 1-12.
Poon, A., Giroux, S., & Eloundou, P. (2020). Baccalaureate Practice Test in Cameroon: The Impact of SMS-based Exam Preparation. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 41(16), 219-228.
Quiggin, M. (2015). Testing Hypotheses of Immigrants Self-Employment. Journal of Human Resources, 234(68), 194-202.
Ryan, V., & Berg, S. (2009). Technical Education and its Challenges in Nigeria in the 21st Century. International NGO Journal, 35(13), 340-349.
Samda, F. & Mackeens, D. (2008). Is Higher Education Necessary? The Journal of Socio-Economics, 95(6), 672-682.
Takam, A. (2020). English and French Bilingual Education and Language Policy in Cameroon. Journal of Political Economy, 106(2), 19-35.
Talom, F. (2020). Impact of Mobile Money on the Financial Performance of the SMEs in Douala, Cameroon. International Journal of Social Economics, 112(13), 303-312.
Tamghe, C. (2019). Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment of Public Secondary Teachers in Cameroon. Journal of Education and Practice, 141(12), 192-208.
Toronto, S. (1019). Education and Job Mismatch. Journal of Development Research, 103(9), 39-47.
Totouom, G. & Mboutchouang, V. (2018). The Effects of Education on Labor Force Participation in Cameroon: A Gender Perspective. International Journal of Scientific Innovation, 74(5), 119-130.
Yarima, Y. (2014). Socio-Economic Effects of Unemployment Among the Youths in Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business Research. 3(5), 240-249.
Published
2022-06-02
How to Cite
Angyie, E.-A., Daniel, T., & Martin, N. (2022). EDUCATION AND YOUTHS EMPLOYABILITY IN CAMEROON. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 4(5), 96 - 110. Retrieved from https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/291
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