FACTORS INFLUENCING TEACHERS’ EFFECTIVE USE OF VISUAL AIDS IN ENHANCING THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS, BARKIN-LADI, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors influencing teachers’ effective use of visual aids in enhancing the teaching and learning process in public primary schools, Barkin-Ladi, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Statement of the Problem: There has been a great concern about factors affecting teachers’ use of visual aids in the public primary schools Barkin-Ladi as reported by supervisors in 2017. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate on the factors. Lack of visual aids, large number of pupils per class among others may cause poor academic performance of the pupils in all subjects offered in public primary schools such as: Mathematics, English language, Social studies, Primary science, and Health education among others.
Research Methodology: The researchers employed convergent parallel mixed method design to collect quantitative and qualitative data. As such, survey and phenomenology methods with their respective data collection tools: questionnaire and interview guide were used. The study targeted public primary school teachers, head teachers, pupils, heads of sections, and supervisors. The researchers used stratified random sampling technique, and non-probability purposive random sampling method. The sample size of the study was: 254 teachers, 90 head teachers, 391 pupils, 3 heads of sections and 13 supervisors. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize the quantitative and thematic analysis for qualitative data, respectively.
Result: The findings of this study revealed there were many factors influencing the teachers’ effective use of visual aid such as: Lack of visual aids in schools, lack of skills/knowledge for teachers to draw visual aids, unwillingness of teachers to look for visual aids, lack of proper time management, lack of motivation by the government, lack of funds for the purchase of visual, lack of supervision to ensure that teachers use visual aids as expected, lack of training and lack.
Conclusion: The study concluded that government could manage the factors by: sponsoring teachers for further studies; employing teachers to teach according to their disciplines; reduce pupils to manageable sizes per class; allocating money for the purchase of visual aids; pay teachers promptly; head teachers should also help to organize in-house seminars for teachers on how to use visual aids; punish any teacher who refuses to use visual aids in class and teachers should try and improvise visual aids where necessary.
Recommendation: The study recommended that stakeholders should deal with factors influencing teachers’ effective use of visual aids, government to provide enough funds to public primary schools to enable them purchase visual aids to use during the teaching and learning process.
Keywords: Factors, influencing the use of visual aids, enhancing teaching and learning process, pupils.
References
Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. Journal of education and practice http:// (IOSR-JRME) e-ISSN: 2320–7388, p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 6, Issue 4 Ver. IV (Jul. – Aug. 2016), PP 107-112 www.iosrjournals.org.
Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at trustworthiness criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS), 5(2), 272-281.
Apanpa, S. O. (2016). Using the 2Rs to improve teaching and learning strategies in English at the secondary school. Journal of Global Illiteracies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies, 3(2), 466-478.
Ayoti, C. Simiyu, A. M. Ongeti, K. O. and Poipoi, M. W. (2013). Factors influencing Supervisors’ report on major problems of the schools. Barkin-Laid: Plateau state, Nigeria.
Babatunde, E. G. (2015). Primary school environment trends, class-ration and head teachers overcrowded classrooms management strategies in Northern senatorial district of
Barkin-Laid Local government education authority quality assurance section. (2017-18).
Brukner, P., & Khan, K. (2019). Brukner & Khan’s clinical sports medicine. Volume 2. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Education.
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, (1999). Chapter II: Fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy. Retrieved from https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Nigeria_Constitution_1999_en.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Fouka, G. & Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research?
Gada, B. A. & Altine, U. (2018). Factors influencing the use of instructional materials in the
http://pearlrearchjournals.org/journals/rjesr/index.html
Ismail, S. S. (2014). Factors affecting the implementation of information literacy education in Malaysian primary schools. Unpublished Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.
Jain, P., & Billaiya, R. (2017). Impact of visual teaching on school students in Dikshabhumi campus, Adharkap, Katni Madhya Pradesh, India. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 3(5), 178-181. ISSN: 2454-8006 [Vol. 03, Issue 5, June -2017]. (JIF): 3.598 www.ijasre.net.
Jeleelah, B.M., Oluwayemisi, A. A. and Theresa, U. U. (2016). Instructional material: Level of teaching of Mathematics in senior secondary schools in Mbale Municipality, Uganda. Journal of Education, 5(1), 3-14.
Karlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of behavioural research (4th ed.). USA: Earl McPeek.
Kasiulevičius, Šapoka, V., & Filipavičiūtė, R. (2006). Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies: Theory and Practice. Gerontologija, 7(4), 225-231.
Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design research and development. In: Motivational Design
Kimalu, K. P., & Marimba, K. (2014). Research methods monitoring and evaluation. Nairobi:
Kothari, C. R., & Garg, G. (2014). Research methodology, methods and techniques 3rd ed. Mumbai: New age International.
Macmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2001). Research in education: A conceptual introduction,
Mege, C. A. (2014). Influence of school environmental factors on teaching-learning process in public primary schools in lower Nyokal division, Homa-bay district, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Moray, A. (2016). School handbook Anderson’s primary standard and quality report 2016. 8 January 2018, http://www.moray.gov.uk/dowloads/file58264.pdf. Retrieved 11-6-2018.
Mupa, P., & Chinooneka, T. I. (2015). Factors contributing to ineffective teaching and learning in primary schools: Why are schools in decadence? Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 125-132. (Online).
Nkoyane, G. O., & Motunrayo, V. (2016). Factors affecting effective teaching and learning economics in some Obbomosho high schools, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(28), 115-124. ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. Journal of education and practice http:// (IOSR-JRME) e-ISSN: 2320–7388, p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 6, Issue 4 Ver. IV (Jul. – Aug. 2016), PP 107-112 www.iosrjournals.org.
Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at trustworthiness criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS), 5(2), 272-281.
Apanpa, S. O. (2016). Using the 2Rs to improve teaching and learning strategies in English at the secondary school. Journal of Global Illiteracies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies, 3(2), 466-478.
Ayoti, C. Simiyu, A. M. Ongeti, K. O. and Poipoi, M. W. (2013). Factors influencing Supervisors’ report on major problems of the schools. Barkin-Laid: Plateau state, Nigeria.
Babatunde, E. G. (2015). Primary school environment trends, class-ration and head teachers overcrowded classrooms management strategies in Northern senatorial district of
Barkin-Laid Local government education authority quality assurance section. (2017-18).
Brukner, P., & Khan, K. (2019). Brukner & Khan’s clinical sports medicine. Volume 2. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Education.
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, (1999). Chapter II: Fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy. Retrieved from https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Nigeria_Constitution_1999_en.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Fouka, G. & Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research?
Gada, B. A. & Altine, U. (2018). Factors influencing the use of instructional materials in the
http://pearlrearchjournals.org/journals/rjesr/index.html
Ismail, S. S. (2014). Factors affecting the implementation of information literacy education in Malaysian primary schools. Unpublished Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.
Jain, P., & Billaiya, R. (2017). Impact of visual teaching on school students in Dikshabhumi campus, Adharkap, Katni Madhya Pradesh, India. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 3(5), 178-181. ISSN: 2454-8006 [Vol. 03, Issue 5, June -2017]. (JIF): 3.598 www.ijasre.net.
Jeleelah, B.M., Oluwayemisi, A. A. and Theresa, U. U. (2016). Instructional material: Level of teaching of Mathematics in senior secondary schools in Mbale Municipality, Uganda. Journal of Education, 5(1), 3-14.
Karlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of behavioural research (4th ed.). USA: Earl McPeek.
Kasiulevičius, Šapoka, V., & Filipavičiūtė, R. (2006). Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies: Theory and Practice. Gerontologija, 7(4), 225-231.
Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design research and development. In: Motivational Design
Kimalu, K. P., & Marimba, K. (2014). Research methods monitoring and evaluation. Nairobi:
Kothari, C. R., & Garg, G. (2014). Research methodology, methods and techniques 3rd ed. Mumbai: New age International.
Macmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2001). Research in education: A conceptual introduction,
Mege, C. A. (2014). Influence of school environmental factors on teaching-learning process in public primary schools in lower Nyokal division, Homa-bay district, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Moray, A. (2016). School handbook Anderson’s primary standard and quality report 2016. 8 January 2018, http://www.moray.gov.uk/dowloads/file58264.pdf. Retrieved 11-6-2018.
Mupa, P., & Chinooneka, T. I. (2015). Factors contributing to ineffective teaching and learning in primary schools: Why are schools in decadence? Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 125-132. (Online).
Nkoyane, G. O., & Motunrayo, V. (2016). Factors affecting effective teaching and learning economics in some Obbomosho high schools, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(28), 115-124. ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Owan, V. J. (2012). Some causes of poor performance of pupils in primary school mathematics. A case study in Akamkpa local government area of Cross River State, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Doi:10.2139/ssrn.3221784.
Patrick, O. N. & Etukudo, D. U. (2014). Factors affecting teaching and learning of basic science preparation and utilization instructional media in teaching Kiswahili in selected public secondary schools in Sabatia district, Kenya. Greener journal of educational research ISSN: 2276-7789 Vol, 3 (3), pp. 108-114.
Research journal of Educational Studies and Review. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 12-29:
Saidu, I. D. (2016). Availability and use of visual teaching and learning materials in teaching Geography at Minjibir Education zone Kano Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 7(12).
Shabiralyani, G. Hasan, K. S.,Hamadi, N., & Iqbal. N. (2015). Impact of visual aids in enhancing the learning process case research: Policy and strategic planning unit. Punjab Pakistan. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 226-233. http://www.iiste.org/journals/
Sofi, M. A. (2017). The effectiveness of audio-visual aids in teaching learning process at University level. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 2(4) 271-272.
Taber, K. S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpa. When developing and reporting research instruments in science. Research in Science Education, 1-24.
Wadsworth Cengage Learning. (2005). Sampling methods; probability sampling strategies; Proportionate sampling. Retrieved February 5, 2018 from http://www.wadsworth.com/psychology_d/templates/student_resources/workshops/res_methd/sampl.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: an introductory analysis. (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Row. In D. Glen Israel (2012). Determining sample size. Retrieved January 21, 2018 from https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pd006.
Owan, V. J. (2012). Some causes of poor performance of pupils in primary school mathematics. A case study in Akamkpa local government area of Cross River State, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Doi:10.2139/ssrn.3221784.
Patrick, O. N. & Etukudo, D. U. (2014). Factors affecting teaching and learning of basic science preparation and utilization instructional media in teaching Kiswahili in selected public secondary schools in Sabatia district, Kenya. Greener journal of educational research ISSN: 2276-7789 Vol, 3 (3), pp. 108-114.
Research journal of Educational Studies and Review. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 12-29:
Saidu, I. D. (2016). Availability and use of visual teaching and learning materials in teaching Geography at Minjibir Education zone Kano Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 7(12).
Shabiralyani, G. Hasan, K. S.,Hamadi, N., & Iqbal. N. (2015). Impact of visual aids in enhancing the learning process case research: Policy and strategic planning unit. Punjab Pakistan. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 226-233. http://www.iiste.org/journals/
Sofi, M. A. (2017). The effectiveness of audio-visual aids in teaching learning process at University level. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 2(4) 271-272.
Taber, K. S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpa. When developing and reporting research instruments in science. Research in Science Education, 1-24.
Wadsworth Cengage Learning. (2005). Sampling methods; probability sampling strategies; Proportionate sampling. Retrieved February 5, 2018 from http://www.wadsworth.com/psychology_d/templates/student_resources/workshops/res_methd/sampl.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: an introductory analysis. (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Row. In D. Glen Israel (2012). Determining sample size. Retrieved January 21, 2018 from https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pd006.
Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at trustworthiness criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS), 5(2), 272-281.
Apanpa, S. O. (2016). Using the 2Rs to improve teaching and learning strategies in English at the secondary school. Journal of Global Illiteracies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies, 3(2), 466-478.
Ayoti, C. Simiyu, A. M. Ongeti, K. O. and Poipoi, M. W. (2013). Factors influencing Supervisors’ report on major problems of the schools. Barkin-Laid: Plateau state, Nigeria.
Babatunde, E. G. (2015). Primary school environment trends, class-ration and head teachers overcrowded classrooms management strategies in Northern senatorial district of
Barkin-Laid Local government education authority quality assurance section. (2017-18).
Brukner, P., & Khan, K. (2019). Brukner & Khan’s clinical sports medicine. Volume 2. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Education.
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, (1999). Chapter II: Fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy. Retrieved from https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Nigeria_Constitution_1999_en.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Fouka, G. & Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research?
Gada, B. A. & Altine, U. (2018). Factors influencing the use of instructional materials in the
http://pearlrearchjournals.org/journals/rjesr/index.html
Ismail, S. S. (2014). Factors affecting the implementation of information literacy education in Malaysian primary schools. Unpublished Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.
Jain, P., & Billaiya, R. (2017). Impact of visual teaching on school students in Dikshabhumi campus, Adharkap, Katni Madhya Pradesh, India. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 3(5), 178-181. ISSN: 2454-8006 [Vol. 03, Issue 5, June -2017]. (JIF): 3.598 www.ijasre.net.
Jeleelah, B.M., Oluwayemisi, A. A. and Theresa, U. U. (2016). Instructional material: Level of teaching of Mathematics in senior secondary schools in Mbale Municipality, Uganda. Journal of Education, 5(1), 3-14.
Karlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of behavioural research (4th ed.). USA: Earl McPeek.
Kasiulevičius, Šapoka, V., & Filipavičiūtė, R. (2006). Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies: Theory and Practice. Gerontologija, 7(4), 225-231.
Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design research and development. In: Motivational Design
Kimalu, K. P., & Marimba, K. (2014). Research methods monitoring and evaluation. Nairobi:
Kothari, C. R., & Garg, G. (2014). Research methodology, methods and techniques 3rd ed. Mumbai: New age International.
Macmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2001). Research in education: A conceptual introduction,
Mege, C. A. (2014). Influence of school environmental factors on teaching-learning process in public primary schools in lower Nyokal division, Homa-bay district, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Moray, A. (2016). School handbook Anderson’s primary standard and quality report 2016. 8 January 2018, http://www.moray.gov.uk/dowloads/file58264.pdf. Retrieved 11-6-2018.
Mupa, P., & Chinooneka, T. I. (2015). Factors contributing to ineffective teaching and learning in primary schools: Why are schools in decadence? Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 125-132. (Online).
Nkoyane, G. O., & Motunrayo, V. (2016). Factors affecting effective teaching and learning economics in some Obbomosho high schools, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(28), 115-124. ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. Journal of education and practice http:// (IOSR-JRME) e-ISSN: 2320–7388, p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 6, Issue 4 Ver. IV (Jul. – Aug. 2016), PP 107-112 www.iosrjournals.org.
Anney, V. N. (2014). Ensuring the quality of the findings of qualitative research: Looking at trustworthiness criteria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies (JETERAPS), 5(2), 272-281.
Apanpa, S. O. (2016). Using the 2Rs to improve teaching and learning strategies in English at the secondary school. Journal of Global Illiteracies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies, 3(2), 466-478.
Ayoti, C. Simiyu, A. M. Ongeti, K. O. and Poipoi, M. W. (2013). Factors influencing Supervisors’ report on major problems of the schools. Barkin-Laid: Plateau state, Nigeria.
Babatunde, E. G. (2015). Primary school environment trends, class-ration and head teachers overcrowded classrooms management strategies in Northern senatorial district of
Barkin-Laid Local government education authority quality assurance section. (2017-18).
Brukner, P., & Khan, K. (2019). Brukner & Khan’s clinical sports medicine. Volume 2. Sydney, NSW: McGraw-Hill Education.
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, (1999). Chapter II: Fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy. Retrieved from https://publicofficialsfinancialdisclosure.worldbank.org/sites/fdl/files/assets/law-library-files/Nigeria_Constitution_1999_en.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Fouka, G. & Mantzorou, M. (2011). What are the major ethical issues in conducting research?
Gada, B. A. & Altine, U. (2018). Factors influencing the use of instructional materials in the
http://pearlrearchjournals.org/journals/rjesr/index.html
Ismail, S. S. (2014). Factors affecting the implementation of information literacy education in Malaysian primary schools. Unpublished Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.
Jain, P., & Billaiya, R. (2017). Impact of visual teaching on school students in Dikshabhumi campus, Adharkap, Katni Madhya Pradesh, India. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 3(5), 178-181. ISSN: 2454-8006 [Vol. 03, Issue 5, June -2017]. (JIF): 3.598 www.ijasre.net.
Jeleelah, B.M., Oluwayemisi, A. A. and Theresa, U. U. (2016). Instructional material: Level of teaching of Mathematics in senior secondary schools in Mbale Municipality, Uganda. Journal of Education, 5(1), 3-14.
Karlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of behavioural research (4th ed.). USA: Earl McPeek.
Kasiulevičius, Šapoka, V., & Filipavičiūtė, R. (2006). Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies: Theory and Practice. Gerontologija, 7(4), 225-231.
Keller, J. M. (2010). Motivational design research and development. In: Motivational Design
Kimalu, K. P., & Marimba, K. (2014). Research methods monitoring and evaluation. Nairobi:
Kothari, C. R., & Garg, G. (2014). Research methodology, methods and techniques 3rd ed. Mumbai: New age International.
Macmillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2001). Research in education: A conceptual introduction,
Mege, C. A. (2014). Influence of school environmental factors on teaching-learning process in public primary schools in lower Nyokal division, Homa-bay district, University of Nairobi, Kenya.
Moray, A. (2016). School handbook Anderson’s primary standard and quality report 2016. 8 January 2018, http://www.moray.gov.uk/dowloads/file58264.pdf. Retrieved 11-6-2018.
Mupa, P., & Chinooneka, T. I. (2015). Factors contributing to ineffective teaching and learning in primary schools: Why are schools in decadence? Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 125-132. (Online).
Nkoyane, G. O., & Motunrayo, V. (2016). Factors affecting effective teaching and learning economics in some Obbomosho high schools, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(28), 115-124. ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Owan, V. J. (2012). Some causes of poor performance of pupils in primary school mathematics. A case study in Akamkpa local government area of Cross River State, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Doi:10.2139/ssrn.3221784.
Patrick, O. N. & Etukudo, D. U. (2014). Factors affecting teaching and learning of basic science preparation and utilization instructional media in teaching Kiswahili in selected public secondary schools in Sabatia district, Kenya. Greener journal of educational research ISSN: 2276-7789 Vol, 3 (3), pp. 108-114.
Research journal of Educational Studies and Review. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 12-29:
Saidu, I. D. (2016). Availability and use of visual teaching and learning materials in teaching Geography at Minjibir Education zone Kano Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 7(12).
Shabiralyani, G. Hasan, K. S.,Hamadi, N., & Iqbal. N. (2015). Impact of visual aids in enhancing the learning process case research: Policy and strategic planning unit. Punjab Pakistan. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 226-233. http://www.iiste.org/journals/
Sofi, M. A. (2017). The effectiveness of audio-visual aids in teaching learning process at University level. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 2(4) 271-272.
Taber, K. S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpa. When developing and reporting research instruments in science. Research in Science Education, 1-24.
Wadsworth Cengage Learning. (2005). Sampling methods; probability sampling strategies; Proportionate sampling. Retrieved February 5, 2018 from http://www.wadsworth.com/psychology_d/templates/student_resources/workshops/res_methd/sampl.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: an introductory analysis. (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Row. In D. Glen Israel (2012). Determining sample size. Retrieved January 21, 2018 from https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pd006.
Owan, V. J. (2012). Some causes of poor performance of pupils in primary school mathematics. A case study in Akamkpa local government area of Cross River State, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Doi:10.2139/ssrn.3221784.
Patrick, O. N. & Etukudo, D. U. (2014). Factors affecting teaching and learning of basic science preparation and utilization instructional media in teaching Kiswahili in selected public secondary schools in Sabatia district, Kenya. Greener journal of educational research ISSN: 2276-7789 Vol, 3 (3), pp. 108-114.
Research journal of Educational Studies and Review. Vol. 4 (2), pp. 12-29:
Saidu, I. D. (2016). Availability and use of visual teaching and learning materials in teaching Geography at Minjibir Education zone Kano Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research, 7(12).
Shabiralyani, G. Hasan, K. S.,Hamadi, N., & Iqbal. N. (2015). Impact of visual aids in enhancing the learning process case research: Policy and strategic planning unit. Punjab Pakistan. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 226-233. http://www.iiste.org/journals/
Sofi, M. A. (2017). The effectiveness of audio-visual aids in teaching learning process at University level. International Journal of Academic Research and Development, 2(4) 271-272.
Taber, K. S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s Alpa. When developing and reporting research instruments in science. Research in Science Education, 1-24.
Wadsworth Cengage Learning. (2005). Sampling methods; probability sampling strategies; Proportionate sampling. Retrieved February 5, 2018 from http://www.wadsworth.com/psychology_d/templates/student_resources/workshops/res_methd/sampl.
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: an introductory analysis. (2nd ed.). New York: Harper and Row. In D. Glen Israel (2012). Determining sample size. Retrieved January 21, 2018 from https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pd006.
Published
2020-10-15
How to Cite
Pam, C. G., Adhiambo , J. M., & Mwalw’a, S. (2020). FACTORS INFLUENCING TEACHERS’ EFFECTIVE USE OF VISUAL AIDS IN ENHANCING THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS, BARKIN-LADI, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2(11), 34-52. Retrieved from https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/140
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