INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL CAREER OPPORTUNITIES ON PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SERVANTS IN VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA
Keywords:
Internal career, Opportunities, Public servants, Performance
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of internal Career Opportunities on Performance of Public Servants in Vihiga County, Kenya.
Statement of the problem: It is universally accepted that devolution brings allocation and management of resources close to the people who in turn are able to implement development projects which suits their unique needs. Despite of this noble intent, county governments, having inherited employees from local authorities and other departments in the civil service, find themselves incapable of achieving set goals and targets through such employees who are unable to adapt to the changed system and work procedure. The study was carried out within interpretive paradigm philosophy.
Study Methodology: The study employed descriptive and explanatory survey designs. This study targeted all the 25 ward administrators, 359 section heads and eight (8) members of public service board. Accordingly, the target population of the study was three hundred and ninety two (392). The sample size of the study was 204 respondents.
Study results: Correlation results showed that there was a positive and significant association between Internal Career Opportunities and employee performance (r= 0.491, p-value=0.00). Regression results revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between internal career opportunities and performance of public servants. (β3=0.393, p=0.000).
Conclusion: The study concluded that employee training has a positive and significant effect on the performance of public servants.
Recommendation: It was therefore recommended that training curricula should be reviewed periodically so as to align it with the changing training needs of the employees.
Key words: Internal career, Opportunities, Public servants, Performance
References
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Boateng, E. (2011) Effects of Performance Appraisal on the Achievement of Organizational Objectives: a Case Study of Manhyia District Hospital, Kumasi. Submitted to(thesis) Kwame Nkrumah university of Science.
Brundage, H. and Koziel, M. (2010). ‘Retaining top talent’, Journal of Accountancy, 5 38–44.
Celik, M. and Saritürk, M. (2012) Organizational justice and motivation Relationship: the case of Adiyaman University.İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Yıl:11(21) 353-382.
Chaponda, N.C. (2014) The effect of performance appraisal on employee motivation: a survey of slum based non-governmental organizations in Nairobi. Submitted (project) to the Chandaria School of business, the United States International University.
Chebet, J. (2015). Determinants of employees’ performance in the county governments of Kenya; A case of Bungoma County. Unpublished project submitted to the University of Nairobi.
Chew, J. and Girardi, A. (2008) Is career management the panacea to Retaining vital staff? International Journal of Management and Marketing Research 1(1) 83 – 98
Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., Judge, T. A., & Shaw, J. C. (2006). Justice and personality: Using integrative theories to derive moderators of justice effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100, 110-127.
Commission on Revenue Allocation (CRA, 2014). Factsheet: Progressive Performance of County Governments. Government Printers, Kenya.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297-334.
Decramer,A., Christiaens,J., Vanderstraeten,A.(2008): Implementation Dynamics of Performance Management in Higher Education. University College Ghent.
Demortier, A.L. and Delobbe, N. (2011) Human capital and strategic human resource management in knowledge-intensive firms:an exploratory case study. EURAM2011 – 11th Conference of the European Academy of Management, 1st – 4th June 2011, in Tallinn – Estonia.
Denscombe, M. (1998).The Good Research Guide for Small Scale Social Research Projects; New Delhi: Viva Books Private Limited
Dermol, V., & Rakowska, A. (Eds.). (2014). Strategic approaches to human resources management practice.ToKnowPress. Lublin, Poland.
Dimba, B. and K‘Obonyo, P.O. (2009). The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Performance of Manufacturing Multinational Companies in Kenya: A Moderating Role of Employee Cultural Orientations. Proceedings of the 10th, Annual Conference, IAABD
Farndale E., Hope-Hailey V., and Kelliher C. (2010). “High Commitment Performance Management: The Roles of Justice and Trust”. Personnel Review, 40(1): 5-23.
Femi, A.F. and Chukwubueze, A.O. (2015). Influence of Management Style on Workers’ Productivity in Nigeria Machine Tools, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development. 4 (5) 74 – 80.
Foss, N. J., Laursen, K., and Pedersen, T. (2011). Linking Customer Interaction and Innovation: The Mediating Role of New Organizational Practices. Organization Science, 22 (4): 980–999.
Gall, M., Gall, J. and Borg, W. (2007). Educational research: An introduction (8th edition). New York: Longman.
Gavrea, C., Ilieş, L. and Stegerean, R. (2011) Determinants of organizational Performance: The case of RomaniaManagement & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society 6,(2) 285-300.
Getnet, B., Jebena, T., and Tsegaye, A. (2014). The Effect of Employees’ Fairness Perception on their Satisfaction Towards the Performance Appraisal Practices (a case study of University of Gondar). International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations2 (1) 174-210.
Gichuhi, A.W., Abaja, P.O., and Ochieng, I. (Undated)Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity; A Case Study of Supermarkets in Nakuru Town, Kenya. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences2 (11) 42-58.
Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formation.California Management Review, 33(3), 114- 35.
Greenberg, J. (1982). Approaching equity and avoiding inequity in group and organizations. In J. Greenberg & R.L. Cohen (Eds.), Equity and justice in social behavior(389- 435). New York:
Greenberg, J. (l990). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12, 9-22.
Hair, J.F., Babin, B.J., Money, R.E & Samouel, W.C (2003). Multivariate Data Analysis (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Industry: A case study of bank of Uganda. A dissertation (unpublished) submitted to Makerere University
Iqbal, N., Ahmed, N., Haider, Z., Batool, Y., and Qurat-ul-ain (2013) Impact of performance appraisal on employee’s performance Involving the Moderating
Israel, G.D. (2013)Determining Sample size. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville
Itika, J.S. (2011): Fundamentals of human resource management: Emerging experiences from Africa African Studies Centre / University of Groningen / Mzumbe University.African Public Administration and Management series, 2
Jepkoech, C. (2013) The effect of Training and Development on Staff Performance: A case study of Postal Corporation of Kenya. A Research Project submitted to the school ofBusiness for the degree of Master of Business Administration (Human ResourceManagement) of Kabarak University.
Kairu, E.W., Wafula, M.O., Okaka, O., Odera, O., and Akerele, E.K. (2013) Effects of balanced scorecard on performance of firms in the service sector; European Journal of Business and Management 5 (9) 81 – 88
Khan, R.A.G., Khan, F.A., and Khan, M.A. (2011) Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Performance. Global Journal of Management and Business Research 11 (7) 1 – 7.
Kidombo, H. J., K’Obonyo, P., Gakuu, C.M. (2012) Human Resource Strategic Orientation and Organizational Commitment in Kenyan Manufacturing Firms, International Journal of Arts and Commerce 1 (7) December 2012.
Kim, J., MacDuffie, J.P., and Pil, F.K. (2010) Employee voice and organizational performance: Team versus representative influence. Human relations 63 (3) 371–394.
Kim, W. C. & Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Kimeu, F.K. (2015). Perceived factors affecting employee performance at Machakos County Government, Kenya. Unpublished project submitted to University of Nairobi.
KNBS (2013). Population projection for Vihiga County. Nairobi. Government Press.
Kombo, D.K. (2006). Proposal and Thesis writing. Pauline publication: Africa.
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C.M., Hildebrandt, V.H., Wilmar B., Schaufeli, B., de Vet, H.C.W., and van der Beek, A.J. (2011) Conceptual Frameworks of Individual Work Performance: A Systematic Review. JOEM 53, (8) 856 – 866.
Kubaison, S.T., Gachunga, H.G., and Odhiambo, R. (2014) Relationship between direct participation schemes and organizational performance in government owned agencies in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences4 (4) 1 – 22.
Kumar, R. (2005). Research Methodology; New Delhi: Sage Publications
Malaolu, V.A. and Ogbuabor, J.E. (2013) Training and Manpower Development, Employee Productivity and Organizational Performance in Nigeria: an Empirical Investigation. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics2 (5) 163-177.
Miller, D. (1992). Relating porter’s business strategies to environment and structure: Analysis and performance implications. Academy ofManagement Journal, 31(8), 51-62.
Mugenda, M.O and Mugenda, G.A (2005): Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Acts University Press, Nairobi.
Mulongo, G. (2012) The Human Capital Theory in Education: Principles, critiques and current thinking, Institute of Education, University of London
Mwanje, S. M.K.N. (2010) Career development and staff motivation in the banking
Nankervis, A., Compton, R., Baird, M., and Coffey (2011) Human Resource Management: Strategy and Practice (7th Edition). Australia. Cengage Learning Pty Limited.
Nyaoga, R.B.,Kibet, K.S., and Magutu, P.O. (2010). The Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal Systems in Private Universities in Kenya. African Journal of Business & Management (AJBUMA) April 2010 123 – 134.
Ologbo, A.C., Oluwatosin, O.S., and Okyere-Kwakye, E. (2012).Strategic Management Theories and the Linkage with Firm Competitive Advantage from the Human Resource-Based View. International Journal of Research in Management & Technology 2 (4) 364 – 374.
Orodho A.J. (2005). Research Methods. Kenyatta University, Institute of Open Learning. Nairobi: Masola Publishers.
Otuko, A. H., Chege, K., and Douglas, M. (2013). Effect of Training Dimensions on Employee’s Work Performance: A Case of Mumias Sugar Company in Kakamega County. International Journal of Business and Management Invention 2 (9) 138- 149.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Porter, EM. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.
Porter, M. (1991). Towards a dynamic theory of strategy”, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 95-117.
Poutsma, E., Brewster, C., and Ligthart, P. (2011) Employee Participation and Performance: a cross-national study:Boston; Harvard Business School Press.
Quagraine, T.L. (2010). Employee involvement as an effective management tool in decision-making: A case study of merchant bank (Ghana) limited. Unpublished thesis submitted to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Radu, M. (2012). Empirical study on the indicators of sustainable Performance –the andsustainability balanced scorecard, Effect of strategic organizational change. Sustainability Organizational ChangeXIV (32) 451 – 469.
Sani, A., D. (2012). Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Insurance Industry: The Impact of Organizational Climate. Business Intelligence Journal 5 (1) 8 – 20.
Tarus, B.K. (2014). Effects of Job Rotation Strategy on High Performance Workplace, in Lake Victoria North Water Services Board, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Management, 9 (11), 139 – 146.
Teixeira, P.N. (2014) Gary Becker’s early work on human capital – collaborations and distinctiveness; IZA Journal of Labor Economics3(12) 12 – 20.
Thibaut, J. W. and Walker, L. (1975), Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Tshikovhi, E.R. (2012). Training and Development Programme: Performance of Employees at a South African Platinum Mine. Submitted theis (Unpublished) to the University of South Africa.
Tukunimulongo, J (2016). Effect of On-The-Job Training on Employee Performance in Kenya: Case of Mumias Sugar Company Limited. International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management, 3(1), 7-24.
Almeida, S. & Fernando, M. (2014). Human Capital Theory. In H. Hasan (Eds.), Being Practical with Theory: A Window into Business Research (31-32). Wollongong, Australia.
Alusa, K. and Kariuki, A. (2015). Human Resource Management Practices, Employee Outcome and Performance of Coffee Research Foundation, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management 7 (3) 72 – 79.
Anazodo, R. O., Okoye, J. C. & Chukwuemek, E. E. O (2012) Civil Service Reforms in Nigeria: The journey so far in service delivery, Journal of Political Studies, 19, (2), 1-19
Boateng, E. (2011) Effects of Performance Appraisal on the Achievement of Organizational Objectives: a Case Study of Manhyia District Hospital, Kumasi. Submitted to(thesis) Kwame Nkrumah university of Science.
Brundage, H. and Koziel, M. (2010). ‘Retaining top talent’, Journal of Accountancy, 5 38–44.
Celik, M. and Saritürk, M. (2012) Organizational justice and motivation Relationship: the case of Adiyaman University.İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Yıl:11(21) 353-382.
Chaponda, N.C. (2014) The effect of performance appraisal on employee motivation: a survey of slum based non-governmental organizations in Nairobi. Submitted (project) to the Chandaria School of business, the United States International University.
Chebet, J. (2015). Determinants of employees’ performance in the county governments of Kenya; A case of Bungoma County. Unpublished project submitted to the University of Nairobi.
Chew, J. and Girardi, A. (2008) Is career management the panacea to Retaining vital staff? International Journal of Management and Marketing Research 1(1) 83 – 98
Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., Judge, T. A., & Shaw, J. C. (2006). Justice and personality: Using integrative theories to derive moderators of justice effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100, 110-127.
Commission on Revenue Allocation (CRA, 2014). Factsheet: Progressive Performance of County Governments. Government Printers, Kenya.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297-334.
Decramer,A., Christiaens,J., Vanderstraeten,A.(2008): Implementation Dynamics of Performance Management in Higher Education. University College Ghent.
Demortier, A.L. and Delobbe, N. (2011) Human capital and strategic human resource management in knowledge-intensive firms:an exploratory case study. EURAM2011 – 11th Conference of the European Academy of Management, 1st – 4th June 2011, in Tallinn – Estonia.
Denscombe, M. (1998).The Good Research Guide for Small Scale Social Research Projects; New Delhi: Viva Books Private Limited
Dermol, V., & Rakowska, A. (Eds.). (2014). Strategic approaches to human resources management practice.ToKnowPress. Lublin, Poland.
Dimba, B. and K‘Obonyo, P.O. (2009). The Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Performance of Manufacturing Multinational Companies in Kenya: A Moderating Role of Employee Cultural Orientations. Proceedings of the 10th, Annual Conference, IAABD
Farndale E., Hope-Hailey V., and Kelliher C. (2010). “High Commitment Performance Management: The Roles of Justice and Trust”. Personnel Review, 40(1): 5-23.
Femi, A.F. and Chukwubueze, A.O. (2015). Influence of Management Style on Workers’ Productivity in Nigeria Machine Tools, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development. 4 (5) 74 – 80.
Foss, N. J., Laursen, K., and Pedersen, T. (2011). Linking Customer Interaction and Innovation: The Mediating Role of New Organizational Practices. Organization Science, 22 (4): 980–999.
Gall, M., Gall, J. and Borg, W. (2007). Educational research: An introduction (8th edition). New York: Longman.
Gavrea, C., Ilieş, L. and Stegerean, R. (2011) Determinants of organizational Performance: The case of RomaniaManagement & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society 6,(2) 285-300.
Getnet, B., Jebena, T., and Tsegaye, A. (2014). The Effect of Employees’ Fairness Perception on their Satisfaction Towards the Performance Appraisal Practices (a case study of University of Gondar). International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations2 (1) 174-210.
Gichuhi, A.W., Abaja, P.O., and Ochieng, I. (Undated)Effect of Performance Appraisal on Employee Productivity; A Case Study of Supermarkets in Nakuru Town, Kenya. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences2 (11) 42-58.
Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formation.California Management Review, 33(3), 114- 35.
Greenberg, J. (1982). Approaching equity and avoiding inequity in group and organizations. In J. Greenberg & R.L. Cohen (Eds.), Equity and justice in social behavior(389- 435). New York:
Greenberg, J. (l990). A taxonomy of organizational justice theories. Academy of Management Review, 12, 9-22.
Hair, J.F., Babin, B.J., Money, R.E & Samouel, W.C (2003). Multivariate Data Analysis (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Industry: A case study of bank of Uganda. A dissertation (unpublished) submitted to Makerere University
Iqbal, N., Ahmed, N., Haider, Z., Batool, Y., and Qurat-ul-ain (2013) Impact of performance appraisal on employee’s performance Involving the Moderating
Israel, G.D. (2013)Determining Sample size. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Gainesville
Itika, J.S. (2011): Fundamentals of human resource management: Emerging experiences from Africa African Studies Centre / University of Groningen / Mzumbe University.African Public Administration and Management series, 2
Jepkoech, C. (2013) The effect of Training and Development on Staff Performance: A case study of Postal Corporation of Kenya. A Research Project submitted to the school ofBusiness for the degree of Master of Business Administration (Human ResourceManagement) of Kabarak University.
Kairu, E.W., Wafula, M.O., Okaka, O., Odera, O., and Akerele, E.K. (2013) Effects of balanced scorecard on performance of firms in the service sector; European Journal of Business and Management 5 (9) 81 – 88
Khan, R.A.G., Khan, F.A., and Khan, M.A. (2011) Impact of Training and Development on Organizational Performance. Global Journal of Management and Business Research 11 (7) 1 – 7.
Kidombo, H. J., K’Obonyo, P., Gakuu, C.M. (2012) Human Resource Strategic Orientation and Organizational Commitment in Kenyan Manufacturing Firms, International Journal of Arts and Commerce 1 (7) December 2012.
Kim, J., MacDuffie, J.P., and Pil, F.K. (2010) Employee voice and organizational performance: Team versus representative influence. Human relations 63 (3) 371–394.
Kim, W. C. & Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Kimeu, F.K. (2015). Perceived factors affecting employee performance at Machakos County Government, Kenya. Unpublished project submitted to University of Nairobi.
KNBS (2013). Population projection for Vihiga County. Nairobi. Government Press.
Kombo, D.K. (2006). Proposal and Thesis writing. Pauline publication: Africa.
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C.M., Hildebrandt, V.H., Wilmar B., Schaufeli, B., de Vet, H.C.W., and van der Beek, A.J. (2011) Conceptual Frameworks of Individual Work Performance: A Systematic Review. JOEM 53, (8) 856 – 866.
Kubaison, S.T., Gachunga, H.G., and Odhiambo, R. (2014) Relationship between direct participation schemes and organizational performance in government owned agencies in Kenya. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences4 (4) 1 – 22.
Kumar, R. (2005). Research Methodology; New Delhi: Sage Publications
Malaolu, V.A. and Ogbuabor, J.E. (2013) Training and Manpower Development, Employee Productivity and Organizational Performance in Nigeria: an Empirical Investigation. International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics2 (5) 163-177.
Miller, D. (1992). Relating porter’s business strategies to environment and structure: Analysis and performance implications. Academy ofManagement Journal, 31(8), 51-62.
Mugenda, M.O and Mugenda, G.A (2005): Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Acts University Press, Nairobi.
Mulongo, G. (2012) The Human Capital Theory in Education: Principles, critiques and current thinking, Institute of Education, University of London
Mwanje, S. M.K.N. (2010) Career development and staff motivation in the banking
Nankervis, A., Compton, R., Baird, M., and Coffey (2011) Human Resource Management: Strategy and Practice (7th Edition). Australia. Cengage Learning Pty Limited.
Nyaoga, R.B.,Kibet, K.S., and Magutu, P.O. (2010). The Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal Systems in Private Universities in Kenya. African Journal of Business & Management (AJBUMA) April 2010 123 – 134.
Ologbo, A.C., Oluwatosin, O.S., and Okyere-Kwakye, E. (2012).Strategic Management Theories and the Linkage with Firm Competitive Advantage from the Human Resource-Based View. International Journal of Research in Management & Technology 2 (4) 364 – 374.
Orodho A.J. (2005). Research Methods. Kenyatta University, Institute of Open Learning. Nairobi: Masola Publishers.
Otuko, A. H., Chege, K., and Douglas, M. (2013). Effect of Training Dimensions on Employee’s Work Performance: A Case of Mumias Sugar Company in Kakamega County. International Journal of Business and Management Invention 2 (9) 138- 149.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Porter, EM. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. New York: Free Press.
Porter, M. (1991). Towards a dynamic theory of strategy”, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 95-117.
Poutsma, E., Brewster, C., and Ligthart, P. (2011) Employee Participation and Performance: a cross-national study:Boston; Harvard Business School Press.
Quagraine, T.L. (2010). Employee involvement as an effective management tool in decision-making: A case study of merchant bank (Ghana) limited. Unpublished thesis submitted to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Radu, M. (2012). Empirical study on the indicators of sustainable Performance –the andsustainability balanced scorecard, Effect of strategic organizational change. Sustainability Organizational ChangeXIV (32) 451 – 469.
Sani, A., D. (2012). Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Insurance Industry: The Impact of Organizational Climate. Business Intelligence Journal 5 (1) 8 – 20.
Tarus, B.K. (2014). Effects of Job Rotation Strategy on High Performance Workplace, in Lake Victoria North Water Services Board, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Management, 9 (11), 139 – 146.
Teixeira, P.N. (2014) Gary Becker’s early work on human capital – collaborations and distinctiveness; IZA Journal of Labor Economics3(12) 12 – 20.
Thibaut, J. W. and Walker, L. (1975), Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Tshikovhi, E.R. (2012). Training and Development Programme: Performance of Employees at a South African Platinum Mine. Submitted theis (Unpublished) to the University of South Africa.
Tukunimulongo, J (2016). Effect of On-The-Job Training on Employee Performance in Kenya: Case of Mumias Sugar Company Limited. International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management, 3(1), 7-24.
Published
2019-04-09
How to Cite
Mwandihi, N. K., Iravo, A. M., & Sakwa, M. M. (2019). INFLUENCE OF INTERNAL CAREER OPPORTUNITIES ON PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC SERVANTS IN VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 1(4), 74-97. Retrieved from https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/27
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