ROLE OF FINANCING MONITORING AND EVALUATION STRATEGIES ON WATER SUPPLY PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN DODOMA CITY COUNCIL, TANZANIA
Abstract
Purpose of Study: The study sought to assess the role of financing Monitoring and Evaluation strategies on the water supply project performance in Dodoma City Council.
Statement of Problem: There is inadequate financing of monitoring and evaluation strategies in Tanzania's water supply projects, thus affecting their effective implementation and overall performance.
Methodology: The study used a descriptive research design and mixed methods approach, involving 170 respondents selected via the Yamane formula, with data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed using SPSS (Version 26) employing descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and correlation analysis.
Result: The study found that M&E financing strategies have statistically significant relationship (β = 0.083, p<0.05) on-water supply projects performance. The correlation between financing of monitoring and evaluation activities and water supply project performance was also significant, r =0.817, P ˂ 0.01).
Conclusion: The study concludes that financing strategies for monitoring and evaluation significantly affect the performance of water supply projects. Further, the study concludes that there is a meaningful correlation between the financing of monitoring and evaluation activities and the overall success of these projects.
Recommendation: The study recommends allocating 2%-10% of project budgets to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities, ensuring independent fund utilization. It also advises that organizational leaders actively participate in M&E design, offering support to project staff. This approach will enhance decision-making, planning, and the effective use of learned lessons.
Keywords: Monitoring and evaluation, water supply, financing of monitoring and evaluation strategies.
References
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Akinyi, O. M., & Kisimbii, J. (2020). Critical Success Factors Influencing Adoption of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems of County Government Projects in Kenya: A Case of Mombasa County Government. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project management. 4(5), 35-50.
Ali, Y. A. & Gitonga, A. (2019). Influence of stakeholders role on the performance of national government constituency development fund projects in Wajir West constituency, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(3), 289-311
Anderson, L., Biscaye, P., LaFayette, M., Martin, A., & Richardson, M. (2015). Evaluating Country- Level Government Monitoring & Evaluation Systems. University of Washington. Retrieved from https://evans.uw.edu/polic impact/epar/research/evaluating-country-level-government-monitoring-
Atwiine, J. (2019) Assessment of monitoring and evaluation strategies on youth livelihood program in Isingiro District, Southwestern Uganda. Editorial Review Board. Bishop Stuart University Uganda
Baietti, A., & Raymond, P. (2015). financing water supply and sanitation investments: utilizing risk mitigation instruments to bridge the financing gap
Bickman, D. P. (2007). Critical success factors across the project life cycle. Project Management Journal, 19(3), Page 67–75.
Bonareri, J. O. (2020). Determinants of performance of monitoring and evaluation systems for county government projects: A case of Makueni County (Doctoral dissertation) University of Nairobi.
Bundi, E. N. (2020). Influence of monitoring and evaluation practices and financial performance of projects in Nairobi County, Kenya: a case of Action Aid Kenya.
Chelangat, V., & Sang, P. K. (2018). Financial monitoring and evaluation on financial sustainability of public governance non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya. International Journal of Current Aspects, 2(5), 29-36.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Validity and reliability. In Research methods in education (pp. 245-284). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539-14
Hassan, I. A., & Gitonga, A. K. (2019). Institutional determinants influencing implementation of hunger safety net programme in Marsabit County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(4), 458-487.
Kala, Y. (2020). Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices on the Performance of County Government Projects: a Case of Mandera Central Sub-county, Mandera County: Kenya (Doctoral dissertation). University of Nairobi.
Kamara, J.M. (2017).Factors Affecting Monitoring and Evaluation in County Government Projects: A case Study of Kisii County, The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management ISSN 2312-9492(Online), ISSN 2414-897. https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v4i4.583
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Kayaga, N. S. (2015). The role of Monitoring and Evaluation in improving Sustainability of water projects: A case study of Water Projects in Bagamoyo District, Pwani Region (Master’s thesis).The Open University of Tanzania
Kipkemoi, M. (2021). An Assessment on The Role Of Monitoring And Evaluation In Implementing E-Government In Kenya. A Case of the Ministry Of ICT, Innovation and Youth Affairs (Doctoral dissertation, Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, Nairobi.).
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Kusek, J. Z., & Rist, R. C. (2004). Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System: A Handbook for Development Practitioners. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5823-5
Lusthaus, C., & Amery, H. (2017). Chaplowe, SG, & Cousins, JB (2016). Monitoring and evaluation training: A systematic approach. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.32.2.288
Machuka, P. M. (2022). Influence of monitoring and evaluation principles on the sustainability of water supply projects in Kajiado County: A Case of Ngong region (Doctoral dissertation). Africa Nazarene University).
Mackay, K. (2006). Institutionalization of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems to Improve Public Sector Management: ECD Working Paper Series. Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01273-5
Mackay, K. (2007). How to build M&E systems to support better government (No. 40546) (pp. 1–172).The World Bank. Retrieved from Challenges to Effective Monitoring and Evaluation Systems: Lessons From Afghanistan
Maijo, S. N. (2020). Effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation systems on the sustainability of community based projects in Kisarawe District, Tanzania. International Journal of Development Research, 10(03), 34508-34511.
Manani, C. O., Kisimbii, M. J., & Said, M. F. (2015) Determinants of Successful Completion of Water Projects: A Case of Mombasa County, Kenya
Mathayo, R. and Kinyina, A. (2022). Monitoring and Evaluation Challenges and Approaches by Non-Governmental Organizations in Musoma, Tanzania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences 3(4)173- 179. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eajess.v3i4.209. https://doi.org/10.4314/eajess.v3i4.209
Mavhiki, S., Nyamwanza, T., & Dhoro, L. (2013). An evaluation of RBM implementation in the civil service sector in Zimbabwe.
Mbogo, F. W. (2022). Influence of monitoring and evaluation practices on humanitarian projects planning: A Case of International Rescue Committee (Doctoral dissertation). Africa Nazarene University. Kenya.
Michael,M.(2020). Influence of Sustainability on Community Water Projects in Imenti South, Meru County, Kenya, Master’s thesis, University of Nairobi
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (2012): Research Methods: Quantitative & Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: ACTS Press
Mugo, P. M., & Oleche, M. O. (2015). Monitoring and evaluation of development projects and economic growth in Kenya. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences, 2(6), 52-63.
Murei, C.L.,Kidombo,H.,& Gakuu,C.(2017). Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Budget on Performance of Horticulture Projects in Nakuru County, Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom Vol. V, Issue 12, December 2017 Licensed under Creative Common Page 620 http://ijecm.co.uk/ ISSN 2348 038
Ndegwa,W.P.( 2020).Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Process on Implementation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Projects in Kenya: A Case of UNICEF Program, Kajiado County, Nairobi University, Kenya.
Nditiye, A. J. (2020). Factors Affecting the Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation System in Government Organization: A Case of NIDA” (Doctoral dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania).
Ndung’u, B. (2018). Factors Influencing Implementation Of Monitoring And Evaluation Practices In County Government Construction Projects In Kenya: A case of Nyeri County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Ng’etich, K.K. (2020). Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation on the Performance of Projects in Parastatals in Kenya: A case of Kenya Ports Authority, Master’s thesis, University of Nairobi.
Ngigi, R. M. (2020). Effects of monitoring and evaluation practices on project implementation in Acted Kenya.
Nguliki, I. M. M. (2018). Monitoring and evaluation challenges in development projects in Tanzania. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 8(4), 361-374.
Njama, A. W. (2015). Determinants of effectiveness of a monitoring and evaluation system for projects: a case of AMREF Kenya WASH programme (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Njama, A. W. (2015). Determinants of effectiveness of a monitoring and evaluation system for projects: a case of AMREF Kenya WASH programme (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Nkunda, P. G. (2018). Influence of monitoring and evaluation tools on the performance of construction projects in Kenya: A Case of construction projects in Kitui County (Doctoral dissertation). University of Nairobi
Nyamongo, D. (2017). Factors Influencing Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation in Water Projects in Kenya: a Case of Non-governmental Organization Water Projects in Kajiado County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Nyamongo, D.N. (2017). Factors Influencing Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation in Water Projects in Kenya: A Case of Non-governmental Organization Water Projects in Kajiado County, (Master’s thesis). University of Nairobi, Kenya
Nyauma, V. C. (2022). Monitoring and evaluation interventions and sustainability of community-based conservancies in Kenya: a case of Mara North Conservancy (Doctoral dissertation).Africa Nazarene University.
Ogolla, F., & Moronge, M. (2016). Determinants of effective monitoring and evaluation of government funded water projects in Kenya: A case of Nairobi County. The Strategic Business Change Journal of Management, 3(1), 15-20.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. McGraw-hill education (UK).
Roba, M. Q., & Odollo, L. (2022). Monitoring and Evaluation Practices on Performance of Water Projects in Marsabit County, Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship (IJSSME), 6(1).
Sedrakian, S. (2016).Financing Monitoring & Evaluation, Ontario Council for International Cooperation, Unpublished report
Shihemi, R. (2016). Influence of monitoring and evaluation tools on projects performance of building and construction projects in Kenyan public universities: A case of the University of Nairobi (Doctoral dissertation). University Of Nairobi.
Tengan, C. & Aigbavboa, C. (2018). “The role of monitoring and evaluation in construction project management.”InKarwowski W. and Ahram T. (Eds), Intelligent Human Systems Integration.IHSI 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 722. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
United Nations-Water in support of the International Water for Life ‟Decade, 2005–2015
United Republic of Tanzania (2019). Ministry of Water
United Republic of Tanzania (2023) .United Republic of Tanzania. (2022). Water Sector Development Programme Phase Three (WSDP III) 2022/23 – 2025/26, Ministry of Water.
United Republic of Tanzania. (2022). Water Sector Development Programme Phase Three (WSDP III) 2022/23 – 2025/26, Ministry of Water.
WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply, & Sanitation Monitoring Programme. (2005). Water for life: making it happen. World health organization.
World Bank. (2023). International Finance Corporation Platforms Approach: Addressing Development Challenges at Scale-An Independent Evaluation (Approach Paper
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis.
Akinyi, O. M., & Kisimbii, J. (2020). Critical Success Factors Influencing Adoption of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems of County Government Projects in Kenya: A Case of Mombasa County Government. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project management. 4(5), 35-50.
Ali, Y. A. & Gitonga, A. (2019). Influence of stakeholders role on the performance of national government constituency development fund projects in Wajir West constituency, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(3), 289-311
Anderson, L., Biscaye, P., LaFayette, M., Martin, A., & Richardson, M. (2015). Evaluating Country- Level Government Monitoring & Evaluation Systems. University of Washington. Retrieved from https://evans.uw.edu/polic impact/epar/research/evaluating-country-level-government-monitoring-
Atwiine, J. (2019) Assessment of monitoring and evaluation strategies on youth livelihood program in Isingiro District, Southwestern Uganda. Editorial Review Board. Bishop Stuart University Uganda
Baietti, A., & Raymond, P. (2015). financing water supply and sanitation investments: utilizing risk mitigation instruments to bridge the financing gap
Bickman, D. P. (2007). Critical success factors across the project life cycle. Project Management Journal, 19(3), Page 67–75.
Bonareri, J. O. (2020). Determinants of performance of monitoring and evaluation systems for county government projects: A case of Makueni County (Doctoral dissertation) University of Nairobi.
Bundi, E. N. (2020). Influence of monitoring and evaluation practices and financial performance of projects in Nairobi County, Kenya: a case of Action Aid Kenya.
Chelangat, V., & Sang, P. K. (2018). Financial monitoring and evaluation on financial sustainability of public governance non-governmental organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya. International Journal of Current Aspects, 2(5), 29-36.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2017). Validity and reliability. In Research methods in education (pp. 245-284). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315456539-14
Hassan, I. A., & Gitonga, A. K. (2019). Institutional determinants influencing implementation of hunger safety net programme in Marsabit County, Kenya. International Academic Journal of Information Sciences and Project Management, 3(4), 458-487.
Kala, Y. (2020). Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Practices on the Performance of County Government Projects: a Case of Mandera Central Sub-county, Mandera County: Kenya (Doctoral dissertation). University of Nairobi.
Kamara, J.M. (2017).Factors Affecting Monitoring and Evaluation in County Government Projects: A case Study of Kisii County, The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management ISSN 2312-9492(Online), ISSN 2414-897. https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v4i4.583
Kaula, P. M. (2020). Influence of monitoring and evaluation practices on the performance of county government projects: a case of market shelter construction projects in Kitui East Sub County.
Kayaga, N. S. (2015). The role of Monitoring and Evaluation in improving Sustainability of water projects: A case study of Water Projects in Bagamoyo District, Pwani Region (Master’s thesis).The Open University of Tanzania
Kipkemoi, M. (2021). An Assessment on The Role Of Monitoring And Evaluation In Implementing E-Government In Kenya. A Case of the Ministry Of ICT, Innovation and Youth Affairs (Doctoral dissertation, Daystar University, School of Human and Social Sciences, Nairobi.).
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Kusek, J. Z., & Rist, R. C. (2004). Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System: A Handbook for Development Practitioners. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications. https://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-5823-5
Lusthaus, C., & Amery, H. (2017). Chaplowe, SG, & Cousins, JB (2016). Monitoring and evaluation training: A systematic approach. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.32.2.288
Machuka, P. M. (2022). Influence of monitoring and evaluation principles on the sustainability of water supply projects in Kajiado County: A Case of Ngong region (Doctoral dissertation). Africa Nazarene University).
Mackay, K. (2006). Institutionalization of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems to Improve Public Sector Management: ECD Working Paper Series. Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01273-5
Mackay, K. (2007). How to build M&E systems to support better government (No. 40546) (pp. 1–172).The World Bank. Retrieved from Challenges to Effective Monitoring and Evaluation Systems: Lessons From Afghanistan
Maijo, S. N. (2020). Effectiveness of monitoring and evaluation systems on the sustainability of community based projects in Kisarawe District, Tanzania. International Journal of Development Research, 10(03), 34508-34511.
Manani, C. O., Kisimbii, M. J., & Said, M. F. (2015) Determinants of Successful Completion of Water Projects: A Case of Mombasa County, Kenya
Mathayo, R. and Kinyina, A. (2022). Monitoring and Evaluation Challenges and Approaches by Non-Governmental Organizations in Musoma, Tanzania. East African Journal of Education and Social Sciences 3(4)173- 179. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/eajess.v3i4.209. https://doi.org/10.4314/eajess.v3i4.209
Mavhiki, S., Nyamwanza, T., & Dhoro, L. (2013). An evaluation of RBM implementation in the civil service sector in Zimbabwe.
Mbogo, F. W. (2022). Influence of monitoring and evaluation practices on humanitarian projects planning: A Case of International Rescue Committee (Doctoral dissertation). Africa Nazarene University. Kenya.
Michael,M.(2020). Influence of Sustainability on Community Water Projects in Imenti South, Meru County, Kenya, Master’s thesis, University of Nairobi
Mugenda, O.M. and Mugenda, A.G. (2012): Research Methods: Quantitative & Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: ACTS Press
Mugo, P. M., & Oleche, M. O. (2015). Monitoring and evaluation of development projects and economic growth in Kenya. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences, 2(6), 52-63.
Murei, C.L.,Kidombo,H.,& Gakuu,C.(2017). Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Budget on Performance of Horticulture Projects in Nakuru County, Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management United Kingdom Vol. V, Issue 12, December 2017 Licensed under Creative Common Page 620 http://ijecm.co.uk/ ISSN 2348 038
Ndegwa,W.P.( 2020).Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Process on Implementation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Projects in Kenya: A Case of UNICEF Program, Kajiado County, Nairobi University, Kenya.
Nditiye, A. J. (2020). Factors Affecting the Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation System in Government Organization: A Case of NIDA” (Doctoral dissertation, The Open University of Tanzania).
Ndung’u, B. (2018). Factors Influencing Implementation Of Monitoring And Evaluation Practices In County Government Construction Projects In Kenya: A case of Nyeri County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Ng’etich, K.K. (2020). Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation on the Performance of Projects in Parastatals in Kenya: A case of Kenya Ports Authority, Master’s thesis, University of Nairobi.
Ngigi, R. M. (2020). Effects of monitoring and evaluation practices on project implementation in Acted Kenya.
Nguliki, I. M. M. (2018). Monitoring and evaluation challenges in development projects in Tanzania. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 8(4), 361-374.
Njama, A. W. (2015). Determinants of effectiveness of a monitoring and evaluation system for projects: a case of AMREF Kenya WASH programme (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Njama, A. W. (2015). Determinants of effectiveness of a monitoring and evaluation system for projects: a case of AMREF Kenya WASH programme (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Nkunda, P. G. (2018). Influence of monitoring and evaluation tools on the performance of construction projects in Kenya: A Case of construction projects in Kitui County (Doctoral dissertation). University of Nairobi
Nyamongo, D. (2017). Factors Influencing Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation in Water Projects in Kenya: a Case of Non-governmental Organization Water Projects in Kajiado County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Nyamongo, D.N. (2017). Factors Influencing Implementation of Monitoring and Evaluation in Water Projects in Kenya: A Case of Non-governmental Organization Water Projects in Kajiado County, (Master’s thesis). University of Nairobi, Kenya
Nyauma, V. C. (2022). Monitoring and evaluation interventions and sustainability of community-based conservancies in Kenya: a case of Mara North Conservancy (Doctoral dissertation).Africa Nazarene University.
Ogolla, F., & Moronge, M. (2016). Determinants of effective monitoring and evaluation of government funded water projects in Kenya: A case of Nairobi County. The Strategic Business Change Journal of Management, 3(1), 15-20.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. McGraw-hill education (UK).
Roba, M. Q., & Odollo, L. (2022). Monitoring and Evaluation Practices on Performance of Water Projects in Marsabit County, Kenya. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship (IJSSME), 6(1).
Sedrakian, S. (2016).Financing Monitoring & Evaluation, Ontario Council for International Cooperation, Unpublished report
Shihemi, R. (2016). Influence of monitoring and evaluation tools on projects performance of building and construction projects in Kenyan public universities: A case of the University of Nairobi (Doctoral dissertation). University Of Nairobi.
Tengan, C. & Aigbavboa, C. (2018). “The role of monitoring and evaluation in construction project management.”InKarwowski W. and Ahram T. (Eds), Intelligent Human Systems Integration.IHSI 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 722. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
United Nations-Water in support of the International Water for Life ‟Decade, 2005–2015
United Republic of Tanzania (2019). Ministry of Water
United Republic of Tanzania (2023) .United Republic of Tanzania. (2022). Water Sector Development Programme Phase Three (WSDP III) 2022/23 – 2025/26, Ministry of Water.
United Republic of Tanzania. (2022). Water Sector Development Programme Phase Three (WSDP III) 2022/23 – 2025/26, Ministry of Water.
WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply, & Sanitation Monitoring Programme. (2005). Water for life: making it happen. World health organization.
World Bank. (2023). International Finance Corporation Platforms Approach: Addressing Development Challenges at Scale-An Independent Evaluation (Approach Paper
Yamane, T. (1967). Statistics: An introductory analysis.
Published
2023-11-15
How to Cite
Herman, A. K. (2023). ROLE OF FINANCING MONITORING AND EVALUATION STRATEGIES ON WATER SUPPLY PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN DODOMA CITY COUNCIL, TANZANIA. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 5(17), 87 - 103. Retrieved from https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/517
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