TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP IN NUTRITION PROGRAMS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Abstract
Purpose of the Study: The objective of this study was to review extant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature on transactional leadership, with a view to identify gaps and propose a theoretical model on emerging phenomena in transactional leadership.
Methodology: The study explored the constructs of contingent reward, management by exception, laissez-faire, transformational leadership, and charismatic leadership through an extensive literature review.
Study Findings: The literature review revealed that when transactional and charismatic leadership are applied as moderating and mediating variables, they enhance the effectiveness of transactional leadership.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, further research is proposed to investigate the effect of the different dimensions of transactional leadership when transformational and charismatic leadership are applied to enhance the effects of transactional leadership in nutrition leadership.
Keywords: Transactional, Leadership, Nutrition, Programs, Literature
References
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Arensberg, M.B., Schiller, M.R., Vivian, V.M., Johnson, W.A. & Strasser, S. (1996). Transformational leadership of clinical nutrition managers. Journal of American DieteticsDietetic Association, 96(1):39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00012-0
Balarajan, Y. and M. Reich (2016) ‘Political Economy Challenges in Nutrition’, Globalization and Health 12:70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-016-0204-6
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press
Bass, B.M. (1997). Does the Transactional-Transformational Leadership Paradigm Transcend Organizational and National Boundaries? American Psychologist. Vol. 52, No. 2. pp. 130-139.
Bass, B.M. (1997). Personal selling and transactional/transformational leadership. The Journal of personal selling and sales management. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.52.2.130
Benmira, S. & Agboola, M. (2021). Evolution of leadership. BMJ Leader, 2021;5:3–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/leader-2020-000296
Bradd, P., Travaglia, J. & Hayen, A. (2018). Developing allied health leaders to enhance person-centred healthcare. Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 32 no. 7: 908-932. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-01-2018-0015
Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London: SAGE
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row
Chan, C. H. S., & Mak, W. M. (2014). Transformational leadership, pride in being a follower of the leader and organizational commitment. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 35(8), 674-690. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-09-0076
Dadaczynski, K., Rathmann, K., Hering, T., & Okan, O. (2020). The Role of School Leaders' Health Literacy for the Implementation of Health Promoting Schools. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061855
Ekmekcioglu, E.B., Aydintan, B. and Celebi, M. (2018). The effect of charismatic leadership on coordinated teamwork: a study in Turkey. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Vol. 39 No. 8, pp. 1051-1070. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2017-0193
Frooman, J., Mendelson, M.B. & Murphy, J.K. (2012). Transformational and passive avoidant leadership as determinants of absenteeism. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 33 no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211241247
Government of Kenya, Ministry of Health (2018): The Kenya Nutrition Action Plan (KNAP), 2018 –2022.
Groves, K.S. (2006). Leader emotional expressivity, visionary leadership, and organizational change. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 566-583. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730610692425
Han, J. H., Bartol, K. M., & Kim, S. (2015). Tightening up the performance–pay linkage: Roles of contingent reward leadership and profit-sharing in the cross-level influence of individual pay-for-performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 417–430. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038282
Hasija, K.G., Hyde, A.M. & Kushwaha, V.S. (2019). A Study of Management by Exception: Active, Passive & Laissez-faire Leadership Style of Leaders in B School. International Bulletin of Management and Economics. Volume – XI, 151.
Hetland, H., Hetland, J., Andreassen, C.S., Pallesen, S. & Notelaers, G. (2011). Leadership and fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs at work. Career Development International, vol. 16 no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111168903
Hilton, S.K., Arkorful, H. & Martins, A. (2021). Democratic leadership and organizational performance: the moderating effect of contingent reward. Management Research Review, vol. 44 no. 7. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-04-2020-0237
Hin, C.W., Wei, C.C. & Abdullah, H.H. (2012). The effects of transactional and transformational leadership styles on the motivation of managers in Malaysia. J. Global Business Advancement, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1504/JGBA.2012.049505
Huang, M., Cheng, B. & Chou, L. (2005). Fitting in organizational values: The mediating role of person‐organization fit between CEO charismatic leadership and employee outcomes. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720510587262
Ivancevich, J., Konopaske, R. & Matteson, M. (2013). Organizational Behavior and Management (10thed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/I
Ivey, G.W. & Kline, T.J.B. (2010). Transformational and active transactional leadership in the Canadian military. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, vol. 31 no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011039352
Jaroliya, D. & Gyanchandani, R. (2021). Transformational leadership style: a boost or hindrance to team performance in IT sector. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-10-2020-0167https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-10-2020-0167
Jiang, L., Bohle, S.L. & Roche, M. (2019). Contingent reward transactional leaders as “Good Parents”: Examining the mediation role of attachment insecurity and the moderation role of meaningful work. Journal of Business and Psychology. 34(4), 519–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9553-x
Kalita, A. & Mondal, S. (2012). Role of innovative institutional structures in integrated governance: A case study of integrating health and nutrition programs in Chhattisgarh, India. Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 26 no. 6: 758-77.
Kanwal, I. Lodhi, R.N. & Kashif, M. (2019). Leadership styles and workplace ostracism among frontline employees. Management Research Review, vol. 42 no. 8. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777261211277005
Keskes, I. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions. Intangible Capital – https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.476http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.476
Kotter, J., (2006), “Leadership vs Management: What’s the difference?”, Journal for uality & Participation, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p.13-17
Kuhnert, K. W., & Lewis, P. (1987). Transactional and Transformational Leadership: A Constructive/Developmental Analysis. The Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 648–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/258070
Lindblom, A., Kajalo, S. & Mitronen, L. (2016). Does a retailer’s charisma matter? A study of frontline employee perceptions of charisma in the retail setting. Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 266-276.
Mesu, J., Sanders, K. and Riemsdijk, M.V. (2015). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment in manufacturing and service small to medium-sized enterprises: The moderating effects of directive and participative leadership", Personnel Review, Vol. 44 No. 6, pp. 970-990.
Mickson, M.K. & Anlesinya, A. (2019). Enhancing job satisfaction among local government servants in Ghana: The relative roles of diverse leadership behaviours. International Journal of Public Leadership, vol. 16 no. 1.
Nisbett, N., Wach, E., Haddad, L. & El Arifeen, S. (2015). What drives and constrains effective leadership in tackling child undernutrition? Findings from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Kenya. Food Policy 53 (2015) 33–45. Elsevier.
Northouse, P. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Odumeru, J.A. & Ogbonna, I.G. (2013). Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership Theories: Evidence in Literature. International Review of Management and Business Research Vol. 2 Issue 2.
Paulsen, N., Maldonado, D., Callan, V. J., & Ayoko, O. (2009). Charismatic leadership, change and innovation in an R&D organization. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 22(5), 511-523.
Puni, A., Hilton, S.K. & Quao, B. (2021). The interaction effect of transactional-transformational leadership on employee commitment in a developing country. Management Research Review. Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 44(3), pages 399-417, October
Reich, M. and Y. Balarajan (2012) ‘Political Economy Analysis for Food and Nutrition Security’. HNP Discussion Paper No. 76921. Washington, DC: The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/World Bank.
Reid, W. M. & Dold, C. J. (2018). Burns, Senge, and the Study of Leadership. Open Journal of Leadership, 7, 1, pp. 89-116. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2018.71006
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A. (2017). Organizational Behavior. (17thed.) Edinburgh, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
Robinson, M.A. & Boies, K. (2016). Different ways to get the job done: comparing the effects of intellectual stimulation and contingent reward leadership on task-related outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12367
Sane, S. & Abo, P. (2021). Transactional leadership and success of international development projects (IDP): mediating effects of cooperative style to conflict resolution and team potency. Management Research Review, vol. 44 no. 12. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2020-0575
Shah, H. D., Adler, J., Ottoson, J., Webb, K., & Gosliner, W. (2019). Leaders' Experiences in Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Complex Public Health Nutrition Interventions. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 51(5), 528–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.02.005
Smith, P.O. (2015). Leadership in Academic Health Centers: Transactional and Transformational Leadership. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 22:228–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-015-9441-8
Trepanier, S.G., Boudrias, V. & Peterson, C. (2019). Linking destructive forms of leadership to employee health. Leadership and organization development journal, vol. 40 no. 7. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-04-2019-0168
Verma, N., Bhat, A.B., Rangnekar, S. & Barua, M.K. (2015). Association between leadership style and decision-making style in Indian organizations. Journal of Management Development, vol. 34 no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-03-2012-0038
Xu, F. & Wang, X. (2017). Transactional leadership and dynamic capabilities: the mediating effect of regulatory focus. Management Decision, vol. 57 no. 9. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2017-1151
Zopiatis, A. & Constanti, P. (2010). Leadership styles and burnout: is there an association? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 22 no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111011035927
Algahtani, A. (2014). Are Leadership and Management Different? A Review. Journal of Management Policies and Practices. Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 71-82. https://doi.org/10.15640/jmpp.v2n3a4
Arensberg, M.B., Schiller, M.R., Vivian, V.M., Johnson, W.A. & Strasser, S. (1996). Transformational leadership of clinical nutrition managers. Journal of American DieteticsDietetic Association, 96(1):39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(96)00012-0
Balarajan, Y. and M. Reich (2016) ‘Political Economy Challenges in Nutrition’, Globalization and Health 12:70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-016-0204-6
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press
Bass, B.M. (1997). Does the Transactional-Transformational Leadership Paradigm Transcend Organizational and National Boundaries? American Psychologist. Vol. 52, No. 2. pp. 130-139.
Bass, B.M. (1997). Personal selling and transactional/transformational leadership. The Journal of personal selling and sales management. Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.52.2.130
Benmira, S. & Agboola, M. (2021). Evolution of leadership. BMJ Leader, 2021;5:3–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/leader-2020-000296
Bradd, P., Travaglia, J. & Hayen, A. (2018). Developing allied health leaders to enhance person-centred healthcare. Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 32 no. 7: 908-932. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-01-2018-0015
Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London: SAGE
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row
Chan, C. H. S., & Mak, W. M. (2014). Transformational leadership, pride in being a follower of the leader and organizational commitment. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 35(8), 674-690. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-09-0076
Dadaczynski, K., Rathmann, K., Hering, T., & Okan, O. (2020). The Role of School Leaders' Health Literacy for the Implementation of Health Promoting Schools. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 1855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061855
Ekmekcioglu, E.B., Aydintan, B. and Celebi, M. (2018). The effect of charismatic leadership on coordinated teamwork: a study in Turkey. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Vol. 39 No. 8, pp. 1051-1070. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2017-0193
Frooman, J., Mendelson, M.B. & Murphy, J.K. (2012). Transformational and passive avoidant leadership as determinants of absenteeism. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, vol. 33 no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211241247
Government of Kenya, Ministry of Health (2018): The Kenya Nutrition Action Plan (KNAP), 2018 –2022.
Groves, K.S. (2006). Leader emotional expressivity, visionary leadership, and organizational change. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 27 No. 7, pp. 566-583. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730610692425
Han, J. H., Bartol, K. M., & Kim, S. (2015). Tightening up the performance–pay linkage: Roles of contingent reward leadership and profit-sharing in the cross-level influence of individual pay-for-performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 417–430. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038282
Hasija, K.G., Hyde, A.M. & Kushwaha, V.S. (2019). A Study of Management by Exception: Active, Passive & Laissez-faire Leadership Style of Leaders in B School. International Bulletin of Management and Economics. Volume – XI, 151.
Hetland, H., Hetland, J., Andreassen, C.S., Pallesen, S. & Notelaers, G. (2011). Leadership and fulfillment of the three basic psychological needs at work. Career Development International, vol. 16 no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431111168903
Hilton, S.K., Arkorful, H. & Martins, A. (2021). Democratic leadership and organizational performance: the moderating effect of contingent reward. Management Research Review, vol. 44 no. 7. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-04-2020-0237
Hin, C.W., Wei, C.C. & Abdullah, H.H. (2012). The effects of transactional and transformational leadership styles on the motivation of managers in Malaysia. J. Global Business Advancement, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 103-114. https://doi.org/10.1504/JGBA.2012.049505
Huang, M., Cheng, B. & Chou, L. (2005). Fitting in organizational values: The mediating role of person‐organization fit between CEO charismatic leadership and employee outcomes. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720510587262
Ivancevich, J., Konopaske, R. & Matteson, M. (2013). Organizational Behavior and Management (10thed). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/I
Ivey, G.W. & Kline, T.J.B. (2010). Transformational and active transactional leadership in the Canadian military. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, vol. 31 no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011039352
Jaroliya, D. & Gyanchandani, R. (2021). Transformational leadership style: a boost or hindrance to team performance in IT sector. Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-10-2020-0167https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-10-2020-0167
Jiang, L., Bohle, S.L. & Roche, M. (2019). Contingent reward transactional leaders as “Good Parents”: Examining the mediation role of attachment insecurity and the moderation role of meaningful work. Journal of Business and Psychology. 34(4), 519–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9553-x
Kalita, A. & Mondal, S. (2012). Role of innovative institutional structures in integrated governance: A case study of integrating health and nutrition programs in Chhattisgarh, India. Journal of Health Organization and Management, vol. 26 no. 6: 758-77.
Kanwal, I. Lodhi, R.N. & Kashif, M. (2019). Leadership styles and workplace ostracism among frontline employees. Management Research Review, vol. 42 no. 8. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777261211277005
Keskes, I. (2014). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions. Intangible Capital – https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.476http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/ic.476
Kotter, J., (2006), “Leadership vs Management: What’s the difference?”, Journal for uality & Participation, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p.13-17
Kuhnert, K. W., & Lewis, P. (1987). Transactional and Transformational Leadership: A Constructive/Developmental Analysis. The Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 648–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/258070
Lindblom, A., Kajalo, S. & Mitronen, L. (2016). Does a retailer’s charisma matter? A study of frontline employee perceptions of charisma in the retail setting. Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 266-276.
Mesu, J., Sanders, K. and Riemsdijk, M.V. (2015). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment in manufacturing and service small to medium-sized enterprises: The moderating effects of directive and participative leadership", Personnel Review, Vol. 44 No. 6, pp. 970-990.
Mickson, M.K. & Anlesinya, A. (2019). Enhancing job satisfaction among local government servants in Ghana: The relative roles of diverse leadership behaviours. International Journal of Public Leadership, vol. 16 no. 1.
Nisbett, N., Wach, E., Haddad, L. & El Arifeen, S. (2015). What drives and constrains effective leadership in tackling child undernutrition? Findings from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Kenya. Food Policy 53 (2015) 33–45. Elsevier.
Northouse, P. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Odumeru, J.A. & Ogbonna, I.G. (2013). Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership Theories: Evidence in Literature. International Review of Management and Business Research Vol. 2 Issue 2.
Paulsen, N., Maldonado, D., Callan, V. J., & Ayoko, O. (2009). Charismatic leadership, change and innovation in an R&D organization. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 22(5), 511-523.
Puni, A., Hilton, S.K. & Quao, B. (2021). The interaction effect of transactional-transformational leadership on employee commitment in a developing country. Management Research Review. Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 44(3), pages 399-417, October
Reich, M. and Y. Balarajan (2012) ‘Political Economy Analysis for Food and Nutrition Security’. HNP Discussion Paper No. 76921. Washington, DC: The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/World Bank.
Reid, W. M. & Dold, C. J. (2018). Burns, Senge, and the Study of Leadership. Open Journal of Leadership, 7, 1, pp. 89-116. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojl.2018.71006
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A. (2017). Organizational Behavior. (17thed.) Edinburgh, UK: Pearson Education Limited.
Robinson, M.A. & Boies, K. (2016). Different ways to get the job done: comparing the effects of intellectual stimulation and contingent reward leadership on task-related outcomes. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12367
Sane, S. & Abo, P. (2021). Transactional leadership and success of international development projects (IDP): mediating effects of cooperative style to conflict resolution and team potency. Management Research Review, vol. 44 no. 12. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-09-2020-0575
Shah, H. D., Adler, J., Ottoson, J., Webb, K., & Gosliner, W. (2019). Leaders' Experiences in Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Complex Public Health Nutrition Interventions. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 51(5), 528–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2019.02.005
Smith, P.O. (2015). Leadership in Academic Health Centers: Transactional and Transformational Leadership. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 22:228–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-015-9441-8
Trepanier, S.G., Boudrias, V. & Peterson, C. (2019). Linking destructive forms of leadership to employee health. Leadership and organization development journal, vol. 40 no. 7. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-04-2019-0168
Verma, N., Bhat, A.B., Rangnekar, S. & Barua, M.K. (2015). Association between leadership style and decision-making style in Indian organizations. Journal of Management Development, vol. 34 no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-03-2012-0038
Xu, F. & Wang, X. (2017). Transactional leadership and dynamic capabilities: the mediating effect of regulatory focus. Management Decision, vol. 57 no. 9. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2017-1151
Zopiatis, A. & Constanti, P. (2010). Leadership styles and burnout: is there an association? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 22 no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111011035927
Published
2024-04-08
How to Cite
Ngatia, E. M. (2024). TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP IN NUTRITION PROGRAMS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 6(5), 16 - 32. Retrieved from https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/568
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