MODELS OF INNOVATION BY GENERATIONS
Abstract
Introduction: Innovation has become a buzzword for every organization, large or small, in developed or emerging markets, owing to the benefits it promises, most notably in terms of providing organizations with a competitive edge. Innovation can take many forms, including process and product improvement, new product development, technological advancements, and sustainability, to name a few.
Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various types of innovation models proposed by Roy Rothwell, including the first-generation model (technology push), the second-generation model (market pull), the third-generation model (coupling method), the fourth-generation model (integrated model), the fifth-generation model (network model), and finally the sixth-generation model (open innovation model), emphasizing both their advantages and disadvantages.
Methodology: This study is based on a comprehensive literature review of the innovation models proposed by Roy Rothwell. The researchers have examined the existing academic literature, case studies, and industry reports to gain a thorough understanding of these models and their applications in contemporary organizational settings.
Findings: The study reveals that different organizations may choose innovation models based on the specific impact they wish to achieve. Some organizations may opt for models that help them maintain their market position, while others may choose models that enable them to disrupt the current market or make incremental product improvements.
Conclusion: Understanding the various innovation models proposed by Roy Rothwell is crucial for organizations to navigate the complex and rapidly evolving landscape of innovation. By applying these models' assumptions to their specific contexts, organizations can better understand the innovation process, its constraints, and guide future research in this field.
Keywords: Models, Innovation, Generations
References
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Balocco, R., Cavallo, A., Ghezzi, A., & Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2019). Lean business models change process in digital entrepreneurship. Business Process Management Journal, 25(7), 1520-1542. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2018-0194
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Blahun, I., & Kukurudz, R. (2022). Interactive Model of Partnership Development On The Basis Of Behavioral Determinants Of Relationships. Modeling the Development of The Economic Systems.
Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of cleaner production, 65, 42-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.039
Cajaiba-Santana, G. (2014). Social innovation: Moving the field forward. A conceptual framework. Technological forecasting and social change, 82, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.05.008
Ceipek, R., Hautz, J., De Massis, A., Matzler, K., & Ardito, L. (2021). Digital transformation through exploratory and exploitative internet of things innovations: The impact of family management and technological diversification. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 38(1), 142-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12551
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Cesaroni, F. M., Chamochumbi Diaz, G. D., & Sentuti, A. (2021). Family firms and innovation from founder to successor. Administrative Sciences, 11(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020054
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Dehghani, M., Abubakar, A. M., & Pashna, M. (2022). Market-driven management of start-ups: The case of wearable technology. Applied computing and informatics, 18(1/2), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aci.2018.11.002
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Frieman, C. J. (2021). Archaeology of innovation: Approaching social and technological change in human society. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526132659
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy–A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of cleaner production, 143, 757-768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048
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Guseva, A.S., & Shvets, I. (2020). Innovative Business Models in The Digital Economy and Their Competitive Advantages. Scientific Review Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-11-2652-2665
Haas, E. B. (2018). When knowledge is power: Three models of change in international organizations (Vol. 22). University of California Press.
Hutahayan, B. (2020). The mediating role of human capital and management accounting information system in the relationship between innovation strategy and internal process performance and the impact on corporate financial performance. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(4), 1289-1318. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-02-2018-0034
Ibarra, D., Bigdeli, A. Z., Igartua, J. I., & Ganzarain, J. (2020). Business model innovation in established SMEs: A configurational approach. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030076
Keresztes, G., & Endresz, M. G. (2020). Innovation and models of innovation: A brief insight into the definition and different models of innovation. Innovations, 8(2), 53-55.
Krishnamoorthy, B., & Damle, M. (2017). Models of innovations: an overview of perspectives and expositions. International Journal of Value Chain Management, 8(4), 342-362. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVCM.2017.089374
Lin, W. L., Yip, N., Ho, J. A., & Sambasivan, M. (2020). The adoption of technological innovations in a B2B context and its impact on firm performance: An ethical leadership perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 89, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.12.009
Liu, Z., Shi, Y., & Yang, B. (2022). Open innovation in times of crisis: An overview of the healthcare sector in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010021
Massaro Maurizio, Dumay John, Bagnoli Carlo (2015) , Where there is a will there is a way, Journal of Intellectual Capital; 2015, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p490-517, 28p, ISSN: 14691930. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-07-2014-0091
Mazzucato, Mariana, Parris, Stuart, (2014), High-Growth Firms in Changing Competitive Environments: The US Pharmaceutical Industry, Small Business Economics. Jan2015, Vol. 44 Issue 1, P145-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9583-3
Meissner, D., & Kotsemir, M. (2016). Conceptualizing the innovation process towards the ‘active innovation paradigm’—trends and outlook. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 5, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0042-z
Miceli, A., Hagen, B., Riccardi, M. P., Sotti, F., & Settembre-Blundo, D. (2021). Thriving, not just surviving in changing times: How sustainability, agility and digitalization intertwine with organizational resilience. Sustainability, 13(4), 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042052
Mikhaylov, A. S., Mikhaylova, A. A., & Savchina, O. V. (2018). Innovation security of cross-border innovative milieu. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(2), 754. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2018.6.2(19)
Moulaert, F., & MacCallum, D. (2019). Advanced introduction to social innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Nie, W. (2021). The Generation, Transformation, and Dissipation of the “Sixth Generation” Cinema in China: The Entropy Change of a Concept. Journal of Chinese Film Studies, 1(2), 377-397. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2021-0033
Oleksenko, L. (2022). Models of Innovative Activity. Economics and Law. https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2022.03.097
Philippi, S., Hinz, A., & Kabous, L. (2022, September). How Swiss start-ups deal with business model innovation. In European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 408-415). https://doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.534
Prasanna, R. P. I. R., Jayasundara, J. M. S. B., Naradda Gamage, S. K., Ekanayake, E. M. S., Rajapakshe, P. S. K., & Abeyrathne, G. A. K. N. J. (2019). Sustainability of SMEs in the competition: A systemic review on technological challenges and SME performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(4), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5040100
Rajapathirana, R. J., & Hui, Y. (2018). Relationship between innovation capability, innovation type, and firm performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.06.002
Rispoli, M. (2019). Innovazione: quale miglioramento?. Pratiche di costruzione sociale. Ardeth. A magazine on the power of the project, (5), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.17454/ARDETH05.04
Rogers, E.M. (2017) Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press,
Rosenberg, C, J. (2015) Of Prod. Inn. Man., Third Generation New Product Processes, Vol 11.,
Rothwell, R. (1994). Towards the fifth-generation Innovation Process. International Marketing Review, 11, (1), 7-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339410057491
Sabeti, M., reza Hashemzadeh, G., Gelard, P., & Rabiei, M. (2020). Designing a knowledge-based technology transfer model using the fourth-generation approach in the automotive industry. Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 20, 106-125. https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2020.v20i0.1864
Shadow, D. (2019). Why Transition from a Push Marketing model to a Pull Marketing model.
Singla, A., Ahuja, I. P. S., & Sethi, A. P. S. (2019). Technology push strategies and their consequences on sustainable development in manufacturing industries. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 9(3), 351-376. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPMB.2019.10021873
Skare, M., & Soriano, D. R. (2021). How globalization is changing digital technology adoption: An international perspective. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(4), 222-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2021.04.001
Smoyer, B. A. (2020). Leading across generations: The organizational shift from baby boomers to Millennials.
Solovev, D., Shkarina, T., Chudnova, O., & Kuzora, S. (2019). Mathematical Modeling in Innovation. In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production: Proceeding of the International Science and Technology Conference" FarEastСon-2018" Volume 2 (pp. 603-610). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_73
Su, J., Zhang, S., & Ma, H. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation, environmental characteristics, and business model innovation: a configurational approach. Innovation, 22(4), 399-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2019.1707088
Tidd, J. Besant, K. Pavitt, (2015) Managing Innovation, Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change, John Wiley&Sons, pp. 15
Trott, P (2017): Innovation Management and New Product Development, 6th Edition, Pearson.
Vangjel, X. (2021). New Business Models Generated by Technological Innovation. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.47535/1991AUOES30(2)002
Varadarajan, R. (2024). Mitigating the definitional quagmire in innovation research: An inclusive definition of innovation as a template for defining various types of innovations uniformly. Journal of Product Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12729
Vecchio, Y., Adinolfi, F., Albani, C., Bartoli, L., & De Rosa, M. (2020). Boosting sustainable innovation in densely populated areas: a milieux innovateurs approach. Sustainability, 12(21), 9131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219131
Volkova, N., & Dyvnych, O. (2023). Innovative Model of Economic Growth in Globalization Processes. Market Infrastructure. https://doi.org/10.32782/infrastruct71-4
Zaidi, S. S. A., & Zaidi, S. S. Z. (2021). Linking entrepreneurial orientation and innovation intensity: Moderating role of environmental turbulence. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation, 3(2), 202-236. https://doi.org/10.52633/jemi.v3i2.78
Zien, K. A. & Buckler, S. A. (2016), ‘Dreams to Market: Crafting a Culture of Innovation’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 274-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1440274
Aranda-Mena, G. (2019). Milieu d L'interior: Innovation Districts are not new. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Changing Cities IV: Spatial, Design, Landscape & Socio-economic Dimensions (pp. 343-354). University of Thessaly.
Balocco, R., Cavallo, A., Ghezzi, A., & Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2019). Lean business models change process in digital entrepreneurship. Business Process Management Journal, 25(7), 1520-1542. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-07-2018-0194
Bierwerth, M., Schwens, C., Isidor, R., & Kabst, R. (2015). Corporate entrepreneurship and performance: A meta-analysis. Small business economics, 45, 255-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9629-1
Blahun, I., & Kukurudz, R. (2022). Interactive Model of Partnership Development On The Basis Of Behavioral Determinants Of Relationships. Modeling the Development of The Economic Systems.
Bocken, N. M., Short, S. W., Rana, P., & Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes. Journal of cleaner production, 65, 42-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.039
Cajaiba-Santana, G. (2014). Social innovation: Moving the field forward. A conceptual framework. Technological forecasting and social change, 82, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.05.008
Ceipek, R., Hautz, J., De Massis, A., Matzler, K., & Ardito, L. (2021). Digital transformation through exploratory and exploitative internet of things innovations: The impact of family management and technological diversification. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 38(1), 142-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12551
Ceravolo, L., & Polenakovik, R. (2016). Generations of innovation models and their characteristics–towards creating a new innovation model.
Cesaroni, F. M., Chamochumbi Diaz, G. D., & Sentuti, A. (2021). Family firms and innovation from founder to successor. Administrative Sciences, 11(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020054
Charles Jr, O. H., Schmidheiny, S., & Watts, P. (2017). Walking the talk: The business case for sustainable development. Routledge.
Cohendet, P., & Simon, L. (2017). Concepts and models of innovation. In The Elgar companion to innovation and knowledge creation (pp. 33-55). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782548522.00009
Dehghani, M., Abubakar, A. M., & Pashna, M. (2022). Market-driven management of start-ups: The case of wearable technology. Applied computing and informatics, 18(1/2), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aci.2018.11.002
Dhakal, T., Min, K. S., & Lim, D. E. (2019). Review of multi-generation innovation diffusion models. Industrial engineering & management systems, 18(4), 794-807. https://doi.org/10.7232/iems.2019.18.4.794
Eurostat, Oslo Manual (2018): Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation, 4th Edition, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities, OECD Publishing.
Frieman, C. J. (2021). Archaeology of innovation: Approaching social and technological change in human society. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526132659
Geissdoerfer, M., Savaget, P., Bocken, N. M., & Hultink, E. J. (2017). The Circular Economy–A new sustainability paradigm? Journal of cleaner production, 143, 757-768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048
George, M., Nhi, L. K. Y., Ngoc, N. M., Tung, V. N. D., Truc, L. P. T., & Nayak, R. (2022). Digital Technologies for Lean Manufacturing. In Lean Supply Chain Management in Fashion and Textile Industry (pp. 219-267). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2108-7_10
Guan, H., Zhang, Z., Zhao, A., Jia, J., & Guan, S. (2019). Research on Innovation Behavior and Performance of New Generation Entrepreneur Based on Grounded Theory. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102883
Guseva, A.S., & Shvets, I. (2020). Innovative Business Models in The Digital Economy and Their Competitive Advantages. Scientific Review Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2020-10-11-2652-2665
Haas, E. B. (2018). When knowledge is power: Three models of change in international organizations (Vol. 22). University of California Press.
Hutahayan, B. (2020). The mediating role of human capital and management accounting information system in the relationship between innovation strategy and internal process performance and the impact on corporate financial performance. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 27(4), 1289-1318. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-02-2018-0034
Ibarra, D., Bigdeli, A. Z., Igartua, J. I., & Ganzarain, J. (2020). Business model innovation in established SMEs: A configurational approach. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030076
Keresztes, G., & Endresz, M. G. (2020). Innovation and models of innovation: A brief insight into the definition and different models of innovation. Innovations, 8(2), 53-55.
Krishnamoorthy, B., & Damle, M. (2017). Models of innovations: an overview of perspectives and expositions. International Journal of Value Chain Management, 8(4), 342-362. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJVCM.2017.089374
Lin, W. L., Yip, N., Ho, J. A., & Sambasivan, M. (2020). The adoption of technological innovations in a B2B context and its impact on firm performance: An ethical leadership perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 89, 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.12.009
Liu, Z., Shi, Y., & Yang, B. (2022). Open innovation in times of crisis: An overview of the healthcare sector in response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010021
Massaro Maurizio, Dumay John, Bagnoli Carlo (2015) , Where there is a will there is a way, Journal of Intellectual Capital; 2015, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p490-517, 28p, ISSN: 14691930. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-07-2014-0091
Mazzucato, Mariana, Parris, Stuart, (2014), High-Growth Firms in Changing Competitive Environments: The US Pharmaceutical Industry, Small Business Economics. Jan2015, Vol. 44 Issue 1, P145-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9583-3
Meissner, D., & Kotsemir, M. (2016). Conceptualizing the innovation process towards the ‘active innovation paradigm’—trends and outlook. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 5, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0042-z
Miceli, A., Hagen, B., Riccardi, M. P., Sotti, F., & Settembre-Blundo, D. (2021). Thriving, not just surviving in changing times: How sustainability, agility and digitalization intertwine with organizational resilience. Sustainability, 13(4), 2052. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042052
Mikhaylov, A. S., Mikhaylova, A. A., & Savchina, O. V. (2018). Innovation security of cross-border innovative milieu. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(2), 754. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2018.6.2(19)
Moulaert, F., & MacCallum, D. (2019). Advanced introduction to social innovation. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Nie, W. (2021). The Generation, Transformation, and Dissipation of the “Sixth Generation” Cinema in China: The Entropy Change of a Concept. Journal of Chinese Film Studies, 1(2), 377-397. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcfs-2021-0033
Oleksenko, L. (2022). Models of Innovative Activity. Economics and Law. https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2022.03.097
Philippi, S., Hinz, A., & Kabous, L. (2022, September). How Swiss start-ups deal with business model innovation. In European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 408-415). https://doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.534
Prasanna, R. P. I. R., Jayasundara, J. M. S. B., Naradda Gamage, S. K., Ekanayake, E. M. S., Rajapakshe, P. S. K., & Abeyrathne, G. A. K. N. J. (2019). Sustainability of SMEs in the competition: A systemic review on technological challenges and SME performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(4), 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5040100
Rajapathirana, R. J., & Hui, Y. (2018). Relationship between innovation capability, innovation type, and firm performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2017.06.002
Rispoli, M. (2019). Innovazione: quale miglioramento?. Pratiche di costruzione sociale. Ardeth. A magazine on the power of the project, (5), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.17454/ARDETH05.04
Rogers, E.M. (2017) Diffusion of Innovations, Free Press,
Rosenberg, C, J. (2015) Of Prod. Inn. Man., Third Generation New Product Processes, Vol 11.,
Rothwell, R. (1994). Towards the fifth-generation Innovation Process. International Marketing Review, 11, (1), 7-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651339410057491
Sabeti, M., reza Hashemzadeh, G., Gelard, P., & Rabiei, M. (2020). Designing a knowledge-based technology transfer model using the fourth-generation approach in the automotive industry. Revista Gestão & Tecnologia, 20, 106-125. https://doi.org/10.20397/2177-6652/2020.v20i0.1864
Shadow, D. (2019). Why Transition from a Push Marketing model to a Pull Marketing model.
Singla, A., Ahuja, I. P. S., & Sethi, A. P. S. (2019). Technology push strategies and their consequences on sustainable development in manufacturing industries. International Journal of Process Management and Benchmarking, 9(3), 351-376. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPMB.2019.10021873
Skare, M., & Soriano, D. R. (2021). How globalization is changing digital technology adoption: An international perspective. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 6(4), 222-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2021.04.001
Smoyer, B. A. (2020). Leading across generations: The organizational shift from baby boomers to Millennials.
Solovev, D., Shkarina, T., Chudnova, O., & Kuzora, S. (2019). Mathematical Modeling in Innovation. In Smart Technologies and Innovations in Design for Control of Technological Processes and Objects: Economy and Production: Proceeding of the International Science and Technology Conference" FarEastСon-2018" Volume 2 (pp. 603-610). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18553-4_73
Su, J., Zhang, S., & Ma, H. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation, environmental characteristics, and business model innovation: a configurational approach. Innovation, 22(4), 399-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2019.1707088
Tidd, J. Besant, K. Pavitt, (2015) Managing Innovation, Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change, John Wiley&Sons, pp. 15
Trott, P (2017): Innovation Management and New Product Development, 6th Edition, Pearson.
Vangjel, X. (2021). New Business Models Generated by Technological Innovation. Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 30(2). https://doi.org/10.47535/1991AUOES30(2)002
Varadarajan, R. (2024). Mitigating the definitional quagmire in innovation research: An inclusive definition of innovation as a template for defining various types of innovations uniformly. Journal of Product Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12729
Vecchio, Y., Adinolfi, F., Albani, C., Bartoli, L., & De Rosa, M. (2020). Boosting sustainable innovation in densely populated areas: a milieux innovateurs approach. Sustainability, 12(21), 9131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219131
Volkova, N., & Dyvnych, O. (2023). Innovative Model of Economic Growth in Globalization Processes. Market Infrastructure. https://doi.org/10.32782/infrastruct71-4
Zaidi, S. S. A., & Zaidi, S. S. Z. (2021). Linking entrepreneurial orientation and innovation intensity: Moderating role of environmental turbulence. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation, 3(2), 202-236. https://doi.org/10.52633/jemi.v3i2.78
Zien, K. A. & Buckler, S. A. (2016), ‘Dreams to Market: Crafting a Culture of Innovation’, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 274-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.1440274
Published
2024-04-25
How to Cite
Egessa, C. N. (2024). MODELS OF INNOVATION BY GENERATIONS. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 6(7), 1 - 15. Retrieved from https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/592
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