THE NEXUS BETWEEN VIOLATION OF FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM) AMONG THE SOMALI COMMUNITY IN BALAMBALA, GARISSA COUNTY, KENYA

Abstract

Purpose of Study: This study explores the intricate relationship between the violation of religious freedom and the practice of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) among the Somali community in Balambala, Garissa County, Kenya. The overall goal was to provide a comprehensive religious approach for religion and religious actors to combat FGM without violating the rights to freedom of religion.

Problem Statement: Despite extensive legal, health, and human rights campaigns, FGM remains deeply rooted in cultural and religious norms, often justified by misconceptions that it is a religious obligation.

Methodology: The target population includes muslim men, women and religious leaders. This study employed a descriptive survey design, incorporating a mixed-methods research approach that collected both qualitative and quantitative data. The study employs both probability and non-probability sampling techniques, utilising Cochran's 1977 formula to determine a sample size of 410 from a target population of 39,629.

Result: The findings revealed that a significant proportion of community members perceived FGM as both a cultural and religious practice, with religious leaders playing a pivotal role in shaping attitudes. This creates gender inequality and fuels gender-based violence.  Additionally, violations of religious freedoms, such as discrimination and suppression are linked to the reinforcement of FGM practices, underscoring the complex dynamics that sustain it. The study emphasises that engaging religious leaders and safeguarding religious freedoms are crucial in efforts to eradicate FGM and protect women's human rights.

Keywords: Freedom of Religion, Female Genital Mutilation, Islamic religion, Gender-Based Violence, Religious leaders, Somali community in Kenya