THE MODERATING EFFECT OF RESOURCE MOBILIZATION IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF ANGLICAN CHURCH FUNDED PROJECTS IN KENYA
Abstract
Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the moderating effect of resource mobilization in the relationship between stakeholder engagement and sustainability of Anglican Church funded projects in Kenya.
Problem Statement: The Anglican Church funded projects in Kenya are facing sustainability challenges in quality assurance from cases of incomplete projects and some of the projects going way above the estimated cost budget. The major projects that have missed the targeted implementation deadline over the last five years have risen by 20 % (ACK, 2018) leading to additional budgets for projects completions. In addition, the cost overruns of the projects have increased by 23% over the period 2012-2017. Further, most of the church funded projects in Mombasa region usually end their operations when funding stops. It is from this information that the study focused on establishing the factors influencing sustainability of church funded projects.
Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design aimed at collecting large number of quantitative data to establish patterns of value addition in the church projects. The study used positivism philosophy. The study’s respondents were drawn from all the Anglican Churches in Mombasa Region. Yamane (1967) simplified formula was used to obtain the number of church members from the 11 deaneries. Primary data was obtained using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire was made up of closed questions relating to the study’s objectives. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviation was used for the quantitative data. Inferential data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis.
Results of the study: The regression of coefficients was done in three steps and results shows that in step one, the regression model of sustainability of projects on stakeholder engagement was significant with β=0.292, p=0.000<0.05) and supported by T Calculated =(1, 411)= 20.799> T Critical (0.05, 411)= 1.658. In step two, the results show that the regression model of stakeholder engagement and resource mobilization on sustainability of projects was significant with (β1=0.250, p=0.000<0.05: β2=0.091, p=0.000<0.05) and supported by T Calculated = (2, 411) = 16.098, 5.560> T Critical (0.05, 411) = 1.658. In step three, the results show that the regression model of Stakeholder Engagement, Resource Mobilization and the interaction term SE*RM on sustainability of projects was significant with (β1=0.194, p=0.0.000<0.05: β2=0.064, p=0.000<0.05: β3=0.092, p=0.000<0.05) and supported by T Calculated =(3, 411)= 10.911, 3.936, 5.876> T Critical (0.05, 411)= 1.658.
The R square for the moderating effect had varying values. The first step for regressing stakeholder engagement against sustainability of projects had 51.3% while the second step of regressing stakeholder engagement and resource mobilization against sustainability of projects had 54.8%. The third step which regressed stakeholder engagement, resource mobilization and the interaction term SE*RM against sustainability of projects had 58.3%. The R squared for model increased from 51.3% to 54.8% and 58.3% after the interaction term and thus we conclude that there is a significant moderating effect of resource mobilization on the relationship between stakeholder engagement and sustainability of Anglican Church funded projects in Kenya. The study establishes that resource mobilization has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between stakeholder engagement and sustainability of Anglican Church funded projects in Kenya.
Conclusion and policy recommendation: The study concluded that the completion of projects was above average for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 stood at 87%, 84% and 86% respectively. The study recommended for participation of all stakeholders in each phase of the project. The study recommended that organization to prioritize on mobilizing resources. The study recommended for the adoption and application of democratic and transformational leadership practices. The findings will inform policy to policy-making agencies, the church authorities and stakeholders.
Keywords: Resource Mobilization, Stakeholder Engagement, Sustainability, Anglican Church & Kenya
References
Ayuso, S., Rodríguez, M. A., García-Castro, R., & Ariño, M. A. (2014). Maximizing stakeholders’ interests: An empirical analysis of the stakeholder approach to corporate governance. Business & society, 53(3), 414-439.
Barney, J. B., (1991). "Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage." Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1991, pp. 99–12
Batti, R. C. (2015). Development project management within local NGOs: 10 recommendations to meet 10 challenges. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 34(5), 21-29.
Fay, S. A., Carrasco Scherer, L., & Dobson, C. (2015). Local Resource Mobilization Case Study: African Women's Development Fund. African Women's Development Fund/Mama Cash/INWF/International Human Rights Funders Group.
Densford, M. O., Rosemary, J., & Ngugi, L. (2018). Effect of Project resource Mobilization on Performance of Road Infrastructures Projects Constructed by Local Firms in Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research.
Hezekiah, O., Onkware, K., & Iteyo, C. (2017). The success of Church of God-Kenya projects in poverty alleviation in Emuhaya District, Western Kenya.
Herremans, I. M., Nazari, J. A., & Mahmoudian, F. (2016). Stakeholder relationships engagement, and sustainability reporting. Journal of Business Ethics, 138(3), 417-435.
John, D. M., & Mayer, N. Z. (2017). Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory. In Social movements in an organizational society (pp. 15-42). Routledge.
Mawudor, B. G. (2016). Financial sustainability of church related organizations: an empirical study on Kenya. Globethics. Net.
Muniu, F. N., Gakuu, C., & Rambo, C. M. Community Participation in Resource Mobilization and Sustainability of Community Water Projects in Kenya. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS). Volume 23, Issue 2, Ver. 9 PP 70-80.
Menoka, B. (2014). Stakeholder engagement and sustainability-related project performance in construction (Doctoral dissertation, Liverpool John Moores University).
Mbaluku, H. N., & Bwisa, H. (2013). Delay Factors in in Construction Project Implementation in the Public Sector; A Case Study of the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Construction Projects. JKUAT-SHRD Research Conference (pp. 585-597)
Ochieng’, F. O., & Sakwa, M. (2018). Impact of Participatory Resource Mobilization in The Implementation of Community Water Projects on The Well-Being of Beneficiaries’ Households in Kisumu County. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management. Vol. 5, Iss. 4, pp 1709 – 1720.
Odenyo C. & Rosemary J. (2018) Influence of Resource Mobilization on Sustainability of Women Group Projects in Vihiga County, Kenya. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research. Vol. 2, No. 04; 50-73.
Okorley, E. L., & Nkrumah, E. E. (2012). Organizational factors influencing sustainability of local non-governmental organizations: Lessons from a Ghanaian context”. International Journal of Social Economics, 39(5), 330–341
Okomo, M.O. (2014). “Factors Influencing Roles Played by Church Leaders in Community Health Programmes’ Sustainability in Homa Bay District-Kenya.” Research on Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.4 (19):7-13 Mobilization in the University of Nairobi.
Opuku, A. U. (2011). Effect of community participation on sustainability of rural water projects in Delta Central agricultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, vol.3 (7), pp. 130-136.
Payne, S. L., & Calton, J. M. (2017). Towards a managerial practice of stakeholder engagement: Developing multi-stakeholder learning dialogues. In Unfolding stakeholder thinking (pp. 121-135). Routledge.
Riziki, K. O., Atera, F. T., & Juma, D. (2019) carried a study on the influence of resource mobilization on sustainability of community water projects in Kakamega County, Kenya.
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2. (Apr. - Jun. 1984), pp. 171-180.
Yamane, T. (1967). Elementary sampling theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
