ADDRESSING REASONS FOR “SPONSOR” PHENOMENON IN THE CATHOLIC SPONSORED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF NAKURU
Abstract
Purpose of Study: This study was undertaken to examine the reasons for the presence of “sponsor” phenomenon among secondary school girls.
Statement of the Problem: In recent times, all the prohibitions that aided the maintenance of sexual moral uprightness and disciplined society have been neglected and abandoned due to the influence of modernity. Decline in Christian values and parental authority, influence of science and technology, media influence, materialism, poverty, and the deterioration of discipline in Catholic sponsored secondary schools were identified as the major causes of sexual moral decay in the said schools in the Catholic Diocese of Nakuru. This calls for moral reorientation anchoredon Christian ethical principles. This paper maintains that, the presence of “sponsor” phenomenon among the high school girls and the reasons for it, need to be addressed by the church authority through application of Christian moral principles by use of new approaches.
Methodology: Mixed method was used to carry out the study, the population targeted were secondary school girls in Church sponsored secondary schools in Catholic Diocese of Nakuru. The sample of the study consisted of girls in high school, teachers, parents and clergy and nuns serving in ten Church sponsored schools. The subjects were sampled through simple random sampling and convenient sampling technique, the data were collected and statistically analyzed.
Results: The findings were that, sexual immorality is a deviation from divine moral guide, caused by negative peer group influence and pornographic films and literatures which affect the individual negatively resulting in teenage pregnancies, dropping out of school and sexually transmitted diseases.
Conclusion: Sexual immorality can be controlled through improved counseling, adherence to scriptural teachings and adequate/systematic moral education in schools.
Recommendation: The study recommended that Students should by all means decide on individual’s basis not to continue with sexual immorality in response to what the Church teaches, sex education should be considered aspect of the school’s academic activities. Churches and religious bodies should intensify their teaching apply new approaches against sexual immorality in school and in society at large.
Keywords: “sponsor” phenomenon, causes/reasons, church teachings, sexual immorality
References
Agha, A. U. (2019). Religious experience of materialism in contemporary Nigerian society SAPS Press. Retrieved from https://raadaa.com›download›entries›religious-experience.
Barbara, S., Monica, M., Grant, J., Ann, K., & Blanc, N. (2006). The Changing Context of Sexual Initiation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Population and Development, 699-717.
Blanc, A. (2001). The effect of power in sexual relationships on sexual and reproductive health: an examination of the evidence. Stud Fam Plan.
Clarke, V. & Braun, V. (2013) Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The Psychologist, 26(2), 120-123.
D’cruz, H., & Jones, M. (2014). Research methodology. (4th Ed). Los Angeles: Sage publications ltd.
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1991). Prosocial behavior and empathy: A multimethod developmental perspective. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), prosocial behavior (pp. 34-61). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Goparaju, L., Afenyadu, D., Benton, A., Wells, V., & Mensah., G. (2003). Gender, Power and Multi-Partner Sex Implications for dual Method Use in Ghana. Washington DC: CEDPA.
Holmes G R, Hall H S, Sakano Y, Cautela J & Holmes G L 1991. Comparison of factor-analyzed adolescent reinforcement survey schedule (ARSS) responses from Japanese and American adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology 47:749-755.
Jerop C (2018) How Adolescent Schoolgirls in the Kibera Slums of Kenya Negotiate their Experiences with Menstruation.
Jonathan, R. (2011). Transactional Sex as a Response to Risk in Western Kenya. American Economic Journal: 13:35-64.
Kasomo, D. (2007). Techniques of Guidance and Counselling Made Simple for Guidance and Counselling. Nairobi: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.
Kawanishi, Y. (1995). The effects of culture on beliefs about stress and coping: causal attribution of Anglo-American and Japanese person. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 25:49-60.
Keller, S., Labelle, H., Karimi, N., & Gupta, S., (2009). STD/HIV prevention for teenagers: a look at the internet universe. J Health Comm 1 7: 341-353.
Kelly J, Gray R & Sewankambo N, (2003). Age differences in sexual partners and risk of HIV-1 infection in rural Uganda. J Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 1003; 31(4): 446-451.
Kombo, K. D. & Tromp, A. L. (2009). Proposal and Thesis Writing: An Introduction. Nairobi. Pauline Publication Africa.
Kothari, C.R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. 1nd Edition. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers,
Kuate, D. B. (2004). Young People's Relationships with Sugar Daddies and Sugar Mummies: What do We Know and What Do We Need to Know? African Journal of Reproductive Health, 8(1): 13-37.
Luke, N., & Kurz, K. (2006). Cross-generational and Transactional Sexual Relations in Sub-Saharan Africa: Prevalence of Behavior and Implications for Negotiating Safer Sexual Practices. Washington DC: ICRW.
Mazvarirwofa, K. (2014). Having a sugar daddy is not prostituting, say sugar babies at Wits. Wits Vuvuzela. A publication of WITS Journalism. Retrieved from http://witsvuvuzela.com/2014/05/09/.
Michael P. and James, F. (1966), Christian Morality and You: Right and Wrong in an Age of Freedom, revised ed. (Notre Dame: Ave Maria Press.
Orodho, J. A. (2008). Techniques of Writing Research Proposals and Reports in Educational and Social Sciences. Maseno, Kenya: Kanezja HP Enterprises.
Oyediran, K.A, Odutolu, O. Atobatele, A.O (2020). ‘Intergenerational sexual relationship in Nigeria: Implications for negotiating safe sexual practices’, in G Letamo, (ed)
Pittman J, Gallios C I, Wawaki S & Kroonenberg P (1995). Australian and Japanese concepts of expressive behavior. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology 26:451-47.
Taylor & Francis (1996). Sexual initiation and premarital child bearing in Sub Saharan Africa. Population Studies, 47-64.
Van de Bongardt (2014.) Personality and Social Psychology Review.
Willard, J. (2013). 'Sugar Daddy' has a sweet history, Reporter-Herald, retrieved from http://www.reporterherald.com/ci 2262 3737/sugar-daddy-has-sweet-history
