THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH FACILITY-BASED YOUTH CENTRES IN THE COUNTIES OF KENYA
Abstract
Background: Youth centres play an important role in reducing behavioural risks among vulnerable young people by improving access to quality and friendly services within the health system (UNICEF., 2014; World Health Statistics, 2015). However, demotivated employees lead to unfavourable health outcomes (Hussein, 2017). Borghi et al., (2018) state that the ability of a health system to deliver quality healthcare among the current workforce is largely dependent on healthcare workers’ motivation.
Statement of the problem: Employees in the health sector especially at the County government have always perceived that there is inadequate employee motivation in the public health facilities which also includes health facility-based youth centres and this has been occasioned by industrial action.
Objective of the study: This study investigated the mediating effect of employee motivation on the relationship between strategic leadership practices and performance of health facility-based youth centres in the counties of Kenya.
Methodology: The study was grounded on a paradigm of both positivism and phenomenology. The study design was cross-sectional with a population of 37 Health Facility-based Youth Centres in the public health facilities. Respondents comprised of overall health facility in-charges and the in-charges of health facility-based youth centres. In addition, 16 peer youth leaders were also interviewed as key informants.
Findings: The findings indicated that a unit increase in employee motivation index lead to an increase in performance index hence the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis accepted.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The study concluded that employee motivation has significant mediating effect on the relationship between strategic leadership practices and performance of health facility-based youth centres in the Counties of Kenya. The study recommended periodical review of salaries in respect to employee performance, experience characteristics and employment cadre. Moreover the study recommended the facility administration to offer fair remuneration to employees.
Keywords: Strategic leadership practices, employee motivation, performance, health facility-based youth centres, Counties and Kenya.
References
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Aduo-Adjei, K., Emmanuel, O., & Forster, O. M. (2016). The Impact of Motivation on the Work Performance of Health Workers (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital): Evidence from Ghana. Hospital Practices and Research, 1(2), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.20286/hpr-010245
Alikasifoglu, M., Erginoz, E., Ercan, O., Uysal, Ö., & Kaymak, D. (2012). 90. Association Between Self-Rated Health and Peer Characteristics Among Turkish Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50, S57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.154
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., & Brommels, M. (2020). The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), e04829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Arifin, H. (2014). The Influence of Competence, Motivation, and Organisational Culture to High School Teacher Job Satisfaction and Performance. International Education Studies, 8(1), p38. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n1p38
Asif, M., Jameel, A., Hussain, A., Hwang, J., & Sahito, N. (2019). Linking Transformational Leadership with Nurse-Assessed Adverse Patient Outcomes and the Quality of Care: Assessing the Role of Job Satisfaction and Structural Empowerment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132381
Asim, M. (2013). Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with Effect of Training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan. 3(9), 9.
Barasa, E. W., Manyara, A. M., Molyneux, S., & Tsofa, B. (2017). Recentralization within decentralization: County hospital autonomy under devolution in Kenya. PloS One, 12(8), e0182440. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182440
Bawa, M. A. (2019). Employee Motivation and Productivity: A Review of Literature and and Implications for Management Practice. International Jouranal of Economics, Commerce and, Management., 5(7), 662–673.
Bilgin, Y. (2017). Qualitative Method Versus Quantitative Method in Marketing Research: An Application. Sage Publications.
Borghi, J., Abrams, S., Lowenberg, D., Simms, S., & Chodacki, J. (2018). Support Your Data: A Research Data Management Guide for Researchers. Research Ideas and Outcomes, 4, e26439. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e26439
Campbell, N., McAllister, L., & Eley, D. (2012). The influence of motivation in recruitment and retention of rural and remote allied health professionals: A literature review. Rural and Remote Health, 12, 1900.
Carai, S., Bivol, S., & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2015). Assessing youth-friendly-health-services and supporting planning in the Republic of Moldova. Reproductive Health, 12(1), undefined-undefined. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-015-0088-6
Chen, Y.-C., Guo, Y.-L. L., Chin, W.-S., Cheng, N.-Y., Ho, J.-J., & Shiao, J. S.-C. (2019). Patient-Nurse Ratio is Related to Nurses’ Intention to Leave Their Job through Mediating Factors of Burnout and Job Dissatisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234801
Choi, H. G., & Ahn, S. H. (2016). [Influence of Nurse Managers’ Authentic Leadership on Nurses’ Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Empowerment]. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 46(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.100
Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2016). Handbook of Research Methods in Early Childhood Education: Methods for Developing Scientific Education. Infonnalion Age Publishing.
Dahie, A. M., Jim, M. M., & Ali, A. Y. S. (2015). Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Secondary Schools in Mogadishu-Somalia. Undefined. /paper/Employee-Motivation-and-Organizational-Performance%3A-Dahie-Jim/715126ac725cec4722cd0d8e42343f1dec0b0ab6
Deng, J., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Lei, R., & Yang, T. (2019). Public service motivation as a mediator of the relationship between job stress and presenteeism: A cross-sectional study from Chinese public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 625. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4483-5
Deressa, A. T., & Zeru, G. (2019). Work motivation and its effects on organizational performance: The case of nurses in Hawassa public and private hospitals: Mixed method study approach. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4255-7
Godia, P. M., Olenja, J. M., Hofman, J. J., & van den Broek, N. (2014). Young people’s perception of sexual and reproductive health services in Kenya. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-172
Hitt, M., & Ireland, R. (2002). The Essence of Strategic Leadership: Managing Human and Social Capital. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900101
Hur, Y. (2018). Testing Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation in the Public Sector: Is it Applicable to Public Managers? Public Organization Review, 18(3), 329–343.
Hussein, I. A. (2017). Effect of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance of Mogadishu Al Port in Somalia. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 4(2), Article 2. http://strategicjournals.com/index.php/journal/article/view/426
Kemunto, O. Z., Omari, S., & Ngacho, C. (2017). Assessment of the Effectiveness of Strategic Leadership. School of Business and Economics, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408, Kisii-Kenya Abstract, 3(7), 2234–2242.
Kenya, MoH (2013). Kenya Service Availability and Readiness Assessment Mapping (SARAM) report (June). June, undefined-undefined.
Kenya, UNICEF, & Kenya Country Office. (2014). Situation analysis of children and adolescents in Kenya: “our children, our future”.
Kerubo, L., Kerubo, N. R., & Muturi, W. (2019). Influence of Strategic Leadership Practices on Organizational Performance; A Case Study of Tea Factories in Kisii County. Global Journal of Management And Business Research. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2779
Kibaru, S., Mardsen, S., Godia, P., & Karani, A. et al. (2005). National Guidelines for Provision of Adolescent Youth-Friendly Services (YFS) in Kenya. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/34846
Mahy, M., Marsh, K., Sabin, K., Wanyeki, I., Daher, J., & Ghys, P. D. (2019). HIV estimates through 2018: Data for decision-making. AIDS, 33, S203. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002321
Manik, E. (2016). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Achievement Motivation and Organizational Climate and Employee Performance. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/V6-I12/2522
MoH (2016). National guidelines for provision of adolescent youth-friendly services in Kenya. Second Edition. National Guidelines for the Provision of Adolescent Youth -Friendly Services (YFS) in Kenya, undefined-undefined.
Mullins, L. J., & Christy, G. (2013). Management and organisational behaviour. Pearson education.
NCAPD/Kenya, N. C. A. for P. and D.-, MOMS/Kenya, M. of M. S.-, MOPHS/Kenya, M. of P. H. and S.-, Knbs, K. N. B. of S.-, & Macro, I. C. F. (2011). Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey 2010. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-SPA17-SPA-Final-Reports.cfm
Newton-Levinson, A., Leichliter, J. S., & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2016). Sexually Transmitted Infection Services for Adolescents and Youth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Perceived and Experienced Barriers to Accessing Care. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(1), undefined-undefined. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.014
Nicholson, H. (2011). Research Methods in Theatre and Performance. Research Methods for the Arts and the Humanities, 3(4), 1–33.
Ochola, G. O. (2018). Employee Motivation, An Organizational Performance Improvement Strategy (A Review on Influence of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance). JOJ Science, 1(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJS.2018.01.555575
Ojakaa, D., Olango, S., & Jarvis, J. (2014). Factors affecting motivation and retention of primary health care workers in three disparate regions in Kenya. Human Resources for Health, 12(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-12-33
Onu, C. A., Akinlabi, B. H., & Egbuta, O. (2018). Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation. European Journal of Business and Management, 10(25), 76.
Quigley, T. J., & Graffin, S. D. (2017). Reaffirming the CEO effect is significant and much larger than chance: A comment on Fitza (2014). Strategic Management Journal, 38(3), 793–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2503
Quigley, T. J., & Hambrick, D. C. (2015). Has the “CEO effect” increased in recent decades? A new explanation for the great rise in America’s attention to corporate leaders. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), 821–830. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2258
Robescu, O., & Iancu, A.-G. (2016). The Effects of Motivation on Employees Performance in Organizations. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 7(2), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1515/vjes-2016-0006
Shahzadi, I., Javed, A., Pirzada, S. S., Nasreen, S., & Khanam, F. (2014). Impact of Employee Motivation on Employee Performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(23), 159.
Shin, Y., Hur, W.-M., Moon, T. W., & Lee, S. (2019). A Motivational Perspective on Job Insecurity: Relationships Between Job Insecurity, Intrinsic Motivation, and Performance and Behavioral Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), 1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101812
Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1983). Motivation and Work Behavior. McGraw-Hill.
Thi Hoai Thu, N., Wilson, A., & McDonald, F. (2015). Motivation or demotivation of health workers providing maternal health services in rural areas in Vietnam: Findings from a mixed-methods study. Human Resources for Health, 13(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-015-0092-5
Thomée, S., Malm, D., Christianson, M., Hurtig, A.-K., Wiklund, M., Waenerlund, A.-K., & Goicolea, I. (2016). Challenges and strategies for sustaining youth-friendly health services—A qualitative study from the perspective of professionals at youth clinics in northern Sweden. Reproductive Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0261-6
Tylee, A., Haller, D. M., Graham, T., Churchill, R., & Sanci, L. A. (2007). Youth-friendly primary-care services: How are we doing and what more needs to be done? Lancet (London, England), 369(9572), 1565–1573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60371-7
WHO | World Health Statistics 2015. (n.d.). WHO; World Health Organization. Retrieved October 24, 2020, from http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2015/en/
World Health Organization. (2012). Making health services adolescent friendly: Developing national quality standards for adolescent-friendly health services. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=596079
Aduo-Adjei, K., Emmanuel, O., & Forster, O. M. (2016). The Impact of Motivation on the Work Performance of Health Workers (Korle Bu Teaching Hospital): Evidence from Ghana. Hospital Practices and Research, 1(2), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.20286/hpr-010245
Alikasifoglu, M., Erginoz, E., Ercan, O., Uysal, Ö., & Kaymak, D. (2012). 90. Association Between Self-Rated Health and Peer Characteristics Among Turkish Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50, S57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.10.154
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., & Brommels, M. (2020). The application of Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation to job satisfaction in clinical laboratories in Omani hospitals. Heliyon, 6(9), e04829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Arifin, H. (2014). The Influence of Competence, Motivation, and Organisational Culture to High School Teacher Job Satisfaction and Performance. International Education Studies, 8(1), p38. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n1p38
Asif, M., Jameel, A., Hussain, A., Hwang, J., & Sahito, N. (2019). Linking Transformational Leadership with Nurse-Assessed Adverse Patient Outcomes and the Quality of Care: Assessing the Role of Job Satisfaction and Structural Empowerment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132381
Asim, M. (2013). Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with Effect of Training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan. 3(9), 9.
Barasa, E. W., Manyara, A. M., Molyneux, S., & Tsofa, B. (2017). Recentralization within decentralization: County hospital autonomy under devolution in Kenya. PloS One, 12(8), e0182440. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182440
Bawa, M. A. (2019). Employee Motivation and Productivity: A Review of Literature and and Implications for Management Practice. International Jouranal of Economics, Commerce and, Management., 5(7), 662–673.
Bilgin, Y. (2017). Qualitative Method Versus Quantitative Method in Marketing Research: An Application. Sage Publications.
Borghi, J., Abrams, S., Lowenberg, D., Simms, S., & Chodacki, J. (2018). Support Your Data: A Research Data Management Guide for Researchers. Research Ideas and Outcomes, 4, e26439. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e26439
Campbell, N., McAllister, L., & Eley, D. (2012). The influence of motivation in recruitment and retention of rural and remote allied health professionals: A literature review. Rural and Remote Health, 12, 1900.
Carai, S., Bivol, S., & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2015). Assessing youth-friendly-health-services and supporting planning in the Republic of Moldova. Reproductive Health, 12(1), undefined-undefined. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-015-0088-6
Chen, Y.-C., Guo, Y.-L. L., Chin, W.-S., Cheng, N.-Y., Ho, J.-J., & Shiao, J. S.-C. (2019). Patient-Nurse Ratio is Related to Nurses’ Intention to Leave Their Job through Mediating Factors of Burnout and Job Dissatisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234801
Choi, H. G., & Ahn, S. H. (2016). [Influence of Nurse Managers’ Authentic Leadership on Nurses’ Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: Focused on the Mediating Effects of Empowerment]. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 46(1), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.1.100
Clements, D. H., & Sarama, J. (2016). Handbook of Research Methods in Early Childhood Education: Methods for Developing Scientific Education. Infonnalion Age Publishing.
Dahie, A. M., Jim, M. M., & Ali, A. Y. S. (2015). Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from Secondary Schools in Mogadishu-Somalia. Undefined. /paper/Employee-Motivation-and-Organizational-Performance%3A-Dahie-Jim/715126ac725cec4722cd0d8e42343f1dec0b0ab6
Deng, J., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Lei, R., & Yang, T. (2019). Public service motivation as a mediator of the relationship between job stress and presenteeism: A cross-sectional study from Chinese public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 19(1), 625. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4483-5
Deressa, A. T., & Zeru, G. (2019). Work motivation and its effects on organizational performance: The case of nurses in Hawassa public and private hospitals: Mixed method study approach. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4255-7
Godia, P. M., Olenja, J. M., Hofman, J. J., & van den Broek, N. (2014). Young people’s perception of sexual and reproductive health services in Kenya. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-14-172
Hitt, M., & Ireland, R. (2002). The Essence of Strategic Leadership: Managing Human and Social Capital. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190200900101
Hur, Y. (2018). Testing Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation in the Public Sector: Is it Applicable to Public Managers? Public Organization Review, 18(3), 329–343.
Hussein, I. A. (2017). Effect of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance of Mogadishu Al Port in Somalia. Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 4(2), Article 2. http://strategicjournals.com/index.php/journal/article/view/426
Kemunto, O. Z., Omari, S., & Ngacho, C. (2017). Assessment of the Effectiveness of Strategic Leadership. School of Business and Economics, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408, Kisii-Kenya Abstract, 3(7), 2234–2242.
Kenya, MoH (2013). Kenya Service Availability and Readiness Assessment Mapping (SARAM) report (June). June, undefined-undefined.
Kenya, UNICEF, & Kenya Country Office. (2014). Situation analysis of children and adolescents in Kenya: “our children, our future”.
Kerubo, L., Kerubo, N. R., & Muturi, W. (2019). Influence of Strategic Leadership Practices on Organizational Performance; A Case Study of Tea Factories in Kisii County. Global Journal of Management And Business Research. https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2779
Kibaru, S., Mardsen, S., Godia, P., & Karani, A. et al. (2005). National Guidelines for Provision of Adolescent Youth-Friendly Services (YFS) in Kenya. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/34846
Mahy, M., Marsh, K., Sabin, K., Wanyeki, I., Daher, J., & Ghys, P. D. (2019). HIV estimates through 2018: Data for decision-making. AIDS, 33, S203. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002321
Manik, E. (2016). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Achievement Motivation and Organizational Climate and Employee Performance. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/V6-I12/2522
MoH (2016). National guidelines for provision of adolescent youth-friendly services in Kenya. Second Edition. National Guidelines for the Provision of Adolescent Youth -Friendly Services (YFS) in Kenya, undefined-undefined.
Mullins, L. J., & Christy, G. (2013). Management and organisational behaviour. Pearson education.
NCAPD/Kenya, N. C. A. for P. and D.-, MOMS/Kenya, M. of M. S.-, MOPHS/Kenya, M. of P. H. and S.-, Knbs, K. N. B. of S.-, & Macro, I. C. F. (2011). Kenya Service Provision Assessment Survey 2010. https://dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-SPA17-SPA-Final-Reports.cfm
Newton-Levinson, A., Leichliter, J. S., & Chandra-Mouli, V. (2016). Sexually Transmitted Infection Services for Adolescents and Youth in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Perceived and Experienced Barriers to Accessing Care. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(1), undefined-undefined. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.014
Nicholson, H. (2011). Research Methods in Theatre and Performance. Research Methods for the Arts and the Humanities, 3(4), 1–33.
Ochola, G. O. (2018). Employee Motivation, An Organizational Performance Improvement Strategy (A Review on Influence of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance). JOJ Science, 1(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.19080/JOJS.2018.01.555575
Ojakaa, D., Olango, S., & Jarvis, J. (2014). Factors affecting motivation and retention of primary health care workers in three disparate regions in Kenya. Human Resources for Health, 12(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-12-33
Onu, C. A., Akinlabi, B. H., & Egbuta, O. (2018). Strategic Leadership and Organizational Performance in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation. European Journal of Business and Management, 10(25), 76.
Quigley, T. J., & Graffin, S. D. (2017). Reaffirming the CEO effect is significant and much larger than chance: A comment on Fitza (2014). Strategic Management Journal, 38(3), 793–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2503
Quigley, T. J., & Hambrick, D. C. (2015). Has the “CEO effect” increased in recent decades? A new explanation for the great rise in America’s attention to corporate leaders. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), 821–830. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2258
Robescu, O., & Iancu, A.-G. (2016). The Effects of Motivation on Employees Performance in Organizations. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 7(2), 49–56. https://doi.org/10.1515/vjes-2016-0006
Shahzadi, I., Javed, A., Pirzada, S. S., Nasreen, S., & Khanam, F. (2014). Impact of Employee Motivation on Employee Performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(23), 159.
Shin, Y., Hur, W.-M., Moon, T. W., & Lee, S. (2019). A Motivational Perspective on Job Insecurity: Relationships Between Job Insecurity, Intrinsic Motivation, and Performance and Behavioral Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), 1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101812
Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1983). Motivation and Work Behavior. McGraw-Hill.
Thi Hoai Thu, N., Wilson, A., & McDonald, F. (2015). Motivation or demotivation of health workers providing maternal health services in rural areas in Vietnam: Findings from a mixed-methods study. Human Resources for Health, 13(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-015-0092-5
Thomée, S., Malm, D., Christianson, M., Hurtig, A.-K., Wiklund, M., Waenerlund, A.-K., & Goicolea, I. (2016). Challenges and strategies for sustaining youth-friendly health services—A qualitative study from the perspective of professionals at youth clinics in northern Sweden. Reproductive Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0261-6
Tylee, A., Haller, D. M., Graham, T., Churchill, R., & Sanci, L. A. (2007). Youth-friendly primary-care services: How are we doing and what more needs to be done? Lancet (London, England), 369(9572), 1565–1573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60371-7
WHO | World Health Statistics 2015. (n.d.). WHO; World Health Organization. Retrieved October 24, 2020, from http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2015/en/
World Health Organization. (2012). Making health services adolescent friendly: Developing national quality standards for adolescent-friendly health services. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=596079
Published
2021-07-23
How to Cite
Owek, C. J., Machoka , P., & Aseka, E. M. (2021). THE MEDIATING ROLE OF EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH FACILITY-BASED YOUTH CENTRES IN THE COUNTIES OF KENYA. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 3(4), 79-97. Retrieved from https://ajoeijournals.org/sys/index.php/ajoei/article/view/193
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